What is prostate cancer?

Cancer begins when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells from almost any part of the body can become cancer cells and spread to other parts of the body. To learn more about cancer and how it starts and spreads, see what is cancer? Prostate cancer begins when the cells in the prostate gland begin to grow out of control. The prostate is a gland found only in men. It makes some liquid which is part of the semen.

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The prostate is located below the bladder (the part of the bladder where urine is stored) and in front of the rectum (the last part of the bladder). Just behind the prostate are glands called seminal vesicles that make most of the fluid for semen. The urethra, which is the tube that carries urine and blood from the penis, passes through the middle of the prostate. Color image showing the prostate and surrounding area (including the urethra, testicles, scrotum, rectum, bladder, and seminal vesicles)

The size of the prostate can change as a man grows. In men, it is about the size of a walnut, but it can be larger in adults.

Types of prostate cancer

Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. These cancers originate from glandular cells (the cells that make the prostate fluid and semen). Other types of cancer that can develop in the prostate include:

· Small cell carcinoma

· Neuroendocrine diseases (non-small cell carcinomas)

· Transitional cell carcinomas

· Sarcomas

Other types of prostate cancer are rare. If you have been told that you have prostate cancer, it is almost always adenocarcinoma. Some prostate cancers grow and spread quickly, but most grow slowly. In fact, autopsy findings show that many adults (and even some young adults) who died of other causes also had prostate cancer that did not affect them during their lifetime. Many times, they don’t even know their doctors have it.

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Prostate conditions can lead to cancer

Some studies show that prostate cancer starts as a precancerous condition, although this is not known exactly. These conditions are sometimes seen when a man has a prostate biopsy (removal of a small piece of the prostate to check for cancer).

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

In PIN, there are changes in the appearance of the prostate cells when viewed under a microscope, but the abnormal cells do not appear to grow in other parts of the prostate (as cancer cells would -). Based on the abnormal nature of the cell structure, they are classified as follows:

· Low grade PIN: Almost any type of prostate cell occurs.

· High Quality PIN: The cell process is less expensive.

Low PIN is not thought to be associated with prostate cancer risk in men. On the other hand, high PIN is thought to be a risk factor for prostate cancer. If you get a prostate biopsy and find a high PIN, there is a high chance that you will develop prostate cancer in the long run.

PIN starts to appear in some men’s prostate as early as their twenties. But most men with PIN will not develop prostate cancer.

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Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA)

In PIA, the prostate cells appear smaller than normal and there are signs of inflammation in the area. PIA is not cancerous, but researchers believe that PIA can sometimes lead to high PIN, or possibly directly to prostate cancer.