DEPRESSION

Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by feelings of melancholy, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in routine tasks. The science behind depression suggests that it involves changes in brain chemistry, genetics, environmental factors, psychological and social factors. As a result, depression can have an impact on a person's feelings, thoughts, and behavior, which can cause a variety of emotional and physical symptoms.

Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters that are crucial in controlling mood and emotions in the body. An imbalance in these neurotransmitters leads to depression. Additionally, the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus regions of the brain are involved in controlling mood. They can exhibit structural and functional abnormalities in people who are in depression.

There is evidence that genetics may contribute to depression. Poeple with a family history of the disorder are more likely to experience depression. Stress, trauma, and abuse are examples of environmental factors that can also raise the risk of developing depression.

Psychological factors such as negative thinking patterns, low self-esteem, and a lack of social support can contribute to depression. Social factors such as poverty, unemployment, and discrimination can equally increase the risk of depression.

Symptoms of depression do range from mild to severe and can be experienced differently by each individual. Some common symptoms of depression include:

1. Persistent sadness or feelings of hopelessness most of the time.

2. Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable such as hobbies, socializing, or sex.

3. Changes in appetite, which can lead to either weight loss or gain.

4. Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia or oversleeping.

5. Fatigue or loss of energy

6. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

7. Difficulty in concentration or making decisions

8. Depression may cause one to have thoughts of death or suicide, and may even make plans to cause harm to themselves.

9. Physical symptoms of depression also include headaches, stomach problems, and muscle aches.

10. Behavioural changes, such as social withdrawal, irritability, and substance abuse are also signs of depression.

It's vital to note that not all cases of depression exhibit the symptoms listed. There may be additional symptoms not listed here.

Tips in Managing Depression:

Depression is treatable, and there are several suggested ways in managing it:

1. Seek professional help: It is important to seek help from a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist if in experience of any signs of depression. The experts can assess the symptoms and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include therapy, medication, or both.

2. Practice self-care: This is an important aspect in managing depression. This includes getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding drugs and alcohol. One should also engage in activities that they enjoy, such as hobbies. It is recommended that spending time with friends and family also is a way of reducing or managing depression.

3. Challenge negative thoughts: It is important to overcome negative thoughts and focus more on positive and realistic ones. This can be done through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of therapy that focuses on changing negative thinking patterns.

4. Build a support network: Having a support network of friends and family can be incredibly helpful in managing depression. It is important to reach out to others for emotional support and to engage in social activities. This should be done even if the initial feeling fights it.

5. Set achievable goals: Setting achievable goals, such as following an exercise routine, taking a walk/jog or completing a small project, can help in boosting ones mood or morale. This creates a sense of accomplishment.

6. Complementary therapies: One should consider complementary therapies, such as yoga, zhumba, rhumba (or any dance moves that pleases) meditation, or acupuncture, can also be helpful in managing depression.

These therapies are suggestions that can help reduce stress and promote relaxation. According to WHO statistics (2023), an estimated 3.8 % (about 280 million people) of the world population experience depression. Men, women and children are affected in one way or another. Sadly, about 700,000 people lose their lives through suicide. Among the ages of 15-29, suicide is classified as the fourth leading cause of death. It is therefore important that we all make a deliberate outreach to each and every friend or relative as a deliberate way to reduce and manage stress.

The suggested tips in managaing depression can help improve your overall well-being. Lets do it!

Yours Truly,

Al Rauf Okal