The Chandrayaanmission was launched by India

**The Chandrayaanmission was launched by India**

On October 22, 2008, India launched the Chandrayaan-1 mission, which successfully reached the Moon and made a groundbreaking discovery - the presence of water. This revelation, particularly in the South Pole area of the Moon, garnered global attention and reignited the world's interest in lunar exploration. Since then, countries like the USA, China, Israel, Japan, Europe, and Russia have regularly sent missions to the Moon, each with their own objectives. Currently, all eyes are on India's Chandrayaan-3 mission, eagerly anticipating the new discoveries it will bring. Additionally, many are curious as to why the Chandrayaan-2 mission failed. In this article, we will delve into these topics, exploring India's return to the Moon and the launch of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft. Moon missions can be categorized into several types, with the complexity increasing alongside technological advancements. The first and simplest type is the fly-by mission, where a spacecraft passes by the Moon without orbiting it. In 1959, the Soviet Union launched Luna-1, the first successful fly-by mission. Shortly after, the United States launched Pioneer-4, also achieving a successful fly-by mission. These missions aimed to study the Moon from a distance. Orbiter missions, on the other hand, involve spacecraft that orbit around the Moon, allowing for close-up studies of the lunar surface and atmosphere. Over 40 successful orbiter missions have been conducted to date, making it the most common type of Moon mission. The Soviet Union's Luna-10 mission in 1966 marked the first successful orbiter mission. Building upon orbiter missions, impact missions involve detaching a part of the spacecraft, which crash lands on the Moon while the main spacecraft continues its orbit. This crash landing, or "impact," allows for valuable instrument readings to be taken as the spacecraft approaches the Moon's surface. India's Chandrayaan-1 was an impact mission, with its separated component known as the Moon Impact Probe. In conclusion, India's Chandrayaan-1 mission made a significant discovery of water on the Moon, sparking renewed interest in lunar exploration worldwide. With missions from various countries, including India's upcoming Chandrayaan-3, the Moon continues to be an intriguing target for scientific exploration.

The Moon Impact Probe of Chandrayaan-1 was equipped with an instrument known as Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer, or CHACE for short. CHACE was a mass spectrometer that continuously collected data every 4 seconds as it approached the moon's surface for the crash landing. Through the analysis conducted by this instrument, it was discovered that water exists in the moon's atmosphere. Specifically, the Moon Impact Probe crashed into the Shackleton crater, with the point of impact being named Jawahar Point. Alongside the Moon Impact Probe, Chandrayaan-1 also featured an orbiter that carried out its independent orbital mission. The orbiter housed NASA's instrument, the Moon Mineralogy Mapper M3. When the Moon Impact Probe landed on the moon, it caused some of the lunar soil to be expelled into the atmosphere. This expelled soil was then analyzed by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper M3, confirming the presence of water in the moon's soil. The fourth category of Moon Missions is Lander Missions, where a portion of the spacecraft is sent to the moon for a soft landing instead of crashing. The objective is to achieve a gentle landing so that the designated spacecraft component can safely land on the moon's surface. This component is commonly referred to as a Lander. However, this task is extremely challenging, as evidenced by the initial failures of both the United States and the Soviet Union. It took 15 attempts before the Soviet Union successfully accomplished the first landing on the moon in 1966 with their Luna-9 mission. This historic landing also marked the first photograph taken of the moon's surface, although the quality of the image should not be expected to be high due to the technology limitations of that time. If you find yourself captivated by space-related videos and are interested in pursuing a career in aerospace and rocket science, you may be faced with the decision of studying in India or seeking education abroad. Determining the most suitable universities and programs for your aspirations can be simplified by utilizing ChatGPT. Rather than relying on expensive career counselors who may be influenced by parental preferences, ChatGPT can serve as your personal career advisor. It can provide information about universities worldwide, assist in finding scholarships, and help you discover cities based on their quality of life. For a detailed guide on utilizing ChatGPT for these purposes, consider purchasing the student chapter of the comprehensive ChatGPT course, available at an affordable price. The first 400 buyers can also benefit from an additional 42% discount by applying the coupon code MOON42. QR codes and the course link are provided in the description below. Returning to the topic at hand, landers used in Moon Missions are typically bulky and stationary upon landing. They lack the capability to move after touchdown. To address this limitation, the next category of Moon Missions introduces rovers. Rovers are small robots equipped with wheels, enabling them to traverse the lunar surface beyond the lander. Rovers facilitate direct exploration and contact with the moon's surface. The first successful rover mission was conducted in November 1970, once again by the Soviet Union. The final category of Moon Missions involves Human Missions, where astronauts are transported and landed on the moon. Instead of relying on a rover, humans utilize their own feet to step onto the moon's surface. This significant achievement was accomplished by the United States before the Soviet Union, with Neil Armstrong taking the first step on the moon in 1969. NASA conducted its last Human Moon Mission in 1972, and since then, no humans have set foot on the moon. To date, only 12 individuals, all from NASA, have had the opportunity to experience this extraordinary feat. You may wonder why the first rover mission occurred after the initial human mission.