The strangest and rarest diseases in the world

Exploding head syndrome

This is a syndrome that affects thousands of people around the world. The main symptom is the feeling of the head exploding while preparing to fall asleep without any warning signs. Most patients with this syndrome are over 50 years old but can also occur in teenagers.

The majority of patients with this syndrome are over the age of 50, but it can also occur in teenagers.

Necrotizing fasciitis

Also known as flesh-eating disease, is a rare disease caused by several types of bacteria, including group A streptococcus. The disease is characterized by rapidly progressing cellulitis, which can cause death within 24 hours and has a mortality rate of over 70%.

Menkes disease

The disease is related to genetic abnormalities and tends to affect men more than women. Copper deficiency in the body is the cause of symptoms such as blurred vision, muscle weakness, convulsions, etc. Treatment is mainly copper supplementation combined with some other supportive measures.

Cotard illusion (Cotard delution)

This is a delusion in which the sufferer often feels like he is dead. There are quite a few people who suffer from Cotard's hallucination and are treated with medication or dialysis to remove the factor 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine (CMMG).

Tree Man Syndrome (Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis)

The cause of the disease is a virus belonging to the HPV family (Human Papillomavirus). Lesions are nodules and calloused pieces of tree bark growing on the face or extremities. The disease does not cause death, but it greatly affects the aesthetics and interferes with the patient's daily activities. There is currently no specific treatment other than cutting off the "branches" when they grow too long and fast.

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva- the Stone Man Syndrome

Gene mutations lead to progressive fibrosis and calcification of connective tissue throughout the body, causing the body to become stiff and twisted like a living statue. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease.

Polydactylism

People with polydactyly have more than 10 fingers or toes, in which the extra fingers often have no bones, only soft parts (skin, muscles, connective tissue). On average, one in every 500 newborns has this defect. Simple treatment is surgery to remove the extra digits.

Argyria

The disease is caused by prolonged exposure to chemical compounds containing silver, causing the body's damaged skin to turn blue or gray-blue. Treatment is with laser radiation and the disease can be fatal in some cases.

Proteus syndrome

Also known as Wiedemann syndrome, it is characterized by hyperplasia of the skin and abnormal bone growth that results in abnormally shaped hands and feet. Treatment options are still being researched.

Werewolf Syndrome

Due to genetic abnormalities, uncontrolled hair growth leads to long, thick hair growth all over the body or in certain areas of the body such as the face, arms, back, etc. This is a very rare disease with about 50 cases recorded worldwide.

Porphyria

Porphyria is a genetic or acquired disease characterized by disorders in the production of porphyrins and heme chains of red blood cells. Abdominal pain, vomiting, and neuropsychiatric disorders are common in this disease.

Alice in Wonderland syndrome

Hallucinations, disorientation, loss of sense of self, seeing wonderful things flying... are the main symptoms of this syndrome. The disease is common in children, teenagers and can heal on its own without any special treatment. Some cases of the disease are related to the use of hallucinogenic drugs, stimulants such as amphetamines. Alice in Wonderland syndrome

Alice in Wonderland syndrome is common in children, teenagers, children hallucinate, lose sense of self, see wonderful things flying.

Lion face syndrome

The uncontrolled growth of the skull-face bones causes the patient's face to resemble a lion's face. A common accompanying disorder is loss of vision (due to compression of the optic nerve by the bone).

Progenia (progeria condition)

Progeria is also known as aging disease or progeria, premature old age. This is a rare disease, according to statistics, there are only about 80 cases in the world.

Hailey-Hailey Disease

The disease appears after puberty with blistering, inflamed skin lesions resembling allergies. There is currently no specific treatment.

Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome

It is a rare syndrome with symptoms such as loss of taste, intestinal polyps, hair loss, and nail and limb dysgenesis. There are about 500 recorded cases of this syndrome.

Alien Hand Syndrome

Also known as "alien hand" . People with this syndrome feel like they cannot control their hands, that their hands are not their own, so they have meaningless, involuntary activities.

Lymphatic Filariasis

Elephantiasis is famous for the horrifying photos of people with swollen limbs that are as large as elephants. Currently, there are an estimated 120 million people worldwide infected with elephantiasis, and 40 million of them are in the severe stage of the disease.

This disease is caused by parasitic worms transmitted by mosquitoes; Symptoms of the disease do not appear until many years after infection. Once infected, the larvae will live in the blood then reproduce and spread for many years.

As parasites accumulate in the blood vessels, they obstruct circulation, leading to fluid buildup in the surrounding tissues, causing large swellings in areas commonly seen in the arms, legs, and breasts.

Parry-Romberg syndrome (Parry-Romberg syndrome)

It is a syndrome of unknown cause whose main symptom is that the muscles and skin on one side of the patient's face atrophy, causing the face to be concave on one side, unbalanced, and unaesthetic. There is currently no effective treatment.

Lamprey disease

Perhaps the most terrifying disease, with lesions on the body, especially the eyes, that look like yellow jackfruit thorns or like the mouth of an eel opening with jagged teeth and a deep throat. The cause and treatment of the disease are unknown.

Premature aging syndrome

A small error in the genetic code can cause progeria syndrome, which causes a child’s body to age very quickly, with symptoms including baldness, heart disease, thin bones, and arthritis. Children born with the condition usually don’t live past the age of 13. Progeria is actually very rare, with only about 48 people affected worldwide. However, one family has five children with the condition.

Clinical lycanthropy

This is a rare mental syndrome that causes the patient to think they can turn into or have turned into animals. People with this condition will often act like animals and often try to go to places where there are wild animals, such as parks and forests.

Apotemnophilia

Patients with this disease are always haunted by the desire to amputate healthy limbs or other parts of the body. It is believed to be related to damage to the right parietal lobe of the brain, but doctors have not yet found a definitive cause of this syndrome.

Capgras delusions

This extremely rare syndrome causes patients to believe that people around them, including loved ones, have been replaced by imposters. Capgras delusions are a condition that often occurs after a traumatic brain injury or in patients diagnosed with dementia, schizophrenia or epilepsy.

Stendahl syndrome

Stendahl syndrome is simply called shock syndrome due to beauty. Most people who experience this syndrome will only have temporary symptoms. People with Stendahl syndrome experience rapid heartbeats and feelings of anxiety and confusion after being exposed to works of art or anything they consider beautiful. The condition is named after a 19th-century French author who described in detail his shocking, dizzying experience after a trip to Florence in 1817.

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

This is a condition in which the person has the desire to eat inedible objects. The person with the syndrome is often attracted to the objects. The condition is difficult to diagnose and doctors believe it is the result of severe trauma to the temporal lobe of the brain.

Factitious disorder

People with this disorder have an obsession with being unwell. Some people with this disorder will deliberately make themselves unwell, or will fake their symptoms and make up stories about why they are sick when they go to the doctor.