The difficulties and sufferings faced by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan at the time of independence

By the grace of Allah, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan came into existence on 14 August 1947. But the Indian political party Congress did not accept the establishment of Pakistan wholeheartedly. Lord Mountbatten who had come as Viceroy in the Indian subcontinent and Sir Radcliffe convinced the Congress that a weak Pakistan would later be annexed to India. Under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistanis did their best to protect their freedom despite the difficult circumstances. He faced the situation bravely. And gradually overcame the problems. What happened to the Muslim families who migrated from other provinces is a sad story of oppression.

Following are the problems faced in the initial years.

1. Injustices of Radcliffe Award

Under the plan of 3 June 1947, it was decided that the provinces of Punjab and Bengal would be divided into Muslim and non-Muslim majority areas. The Muslim majority areas will become part of Pakistan and the remaining areas will become part of India. Consensus was reached to form a commission for the delimitation of areas and to accept its arbitration.

A British jurist, Sir Radcliffe, was assigned this responsibility. Sir Radcliffe under pressure from Lord Mountbatten made an unfair distribution.

Some recognized Muslim-majority areas were annexed to India as part of a conspiracy. The population-based map and the line drawn on it were changed? This matter was admitted by the Private Secretary of Sir Radcliffe. Now it has been accepted as a historical fact that Pakistan was deprived of some important areas by doing injustice.

Three tehsils of Gurdaspur district, Guarder Pur, Pathankot and Batala and tehsil Zira of Ferozepur district and some other areas were handed over to India.

The annexation of Gurdaspur

areas to India gave way to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Sir Radcliffe's award not only deprived the Muslims of their territories and rights but also sowed the seeds of permanent antagonism between the two nations.

Today, the Kashmir issue exists and the two countries have fought three major wars in 1948, 1965 and 1971.

2. Administrative difficulties

Non-Muslims holding non-government jobs in Pakistan’s territories migrated to India in large numbers. The offices were empty. Offices lacked furniture, stationery, typewriters etc. Most of the offices started working under the open sky. Office records were destroyed on the way to India. Due to this, there were great difficulties in working in the offices.

3. Arrival of refugees

After the establishment of Pakistan, the Muslims living in India decided to come to their new homeland. Millions of families left everything and left for Pakistan. Muslims who wanted to stay in India were massacred by Hindus and Sikhs. Families with children were forced to migrate to Pakistan. Millions of people were martyred in attacks during migration.

When these homeless, distressed Muslims came to Pakistan, they were kept in makeshift camps. The government of Pakistan quickly planned to provide their food, shelter, medicine and other needs.

The local people welcomed their Muslim brothers. The needs of the refugees were met with the joint efforts of the government and the people. The number was so high that the camps ran out of capacity. People would camp wherever they could find space.

There has never been such a large migration event in the world. During the Hijrat, the Indian Army was involved in the killing of Muslims.

4. The problem of distribution of assets

At the time of partition of the subcontinent, proportional distribution of assets between Pakistan and India was a requirement of justice, but the Indian rulers acted unfairly.

They kept avoiding giving its share to Pakistan using pretexts. They used all possible tactics to destroy Pakistan's economy.

They stopped the assets of Pakistan. At the time of the partition of India, four billion rupees were deposited in the "Reserve bank" of the United Subcontinent.

This money was to be shared between the two countries. Proportionately, Pakistan's share was Rs 750 million. India was not willing to contribute this share.

India paid an installment of 200 million rupees due to the constant demand from Pakistan and the compulsion to maintain its reputation at the international level. The remaining amount was withheld. Indian Minister Patel said to the government of Pakistan that if they recognize India's right to Kashmir, all the money will be paid to Pakistan. Pakistan did not bargain. Meanwhile, Mahatma Gandhi was afraid of being embarrassed in the international community. Another installment of 500 million rupees was forced to be paid.

But 50 million rupees are still owed to the Indian government.

5. Division of the Army

It was necessary that after the division of the sub-continent, the military assets should also be distributed proportionately between the two countries, but justice was not done in this matter as well. India wanted to keep Pakistan weak. So that Pakistan will be forced to become a part of India. Before the partition, the commander of United India wanted the army not to be divided. And let them remain under one commander

Muslim League did not accept his position. And insist that military resources and assets be shared between the two countries. The British government had to agree to the demand that all military assets should be divided between India and Pakistan in the ratio of 64% and 36% respectively. 14 Ordnance Factories were operating in the United Subcontinent. But not a single one of them was built in the territories acceded to Pakistan.

The Indian government was not ready to transfer even a single part of the Arenas factory to Pakistan.

After much iteration, it was decided that 60 million rupees will be given to Pakistan in respect of Ordnance Factories So that he can

. set up his Ordnance Factory.

Whatever formula was created for the distribution of common soldiers was rejected by the Indian government. Tung Agar, the British Commander-in-Chief, resigned from his post. This made the situation more complicated. The common soldier was authorized. That he should become a part of the army of any of the two countries. Muslim soldiers expressed their commitment to Pakistan.

6. The problem of the state of Jammu and Kashmir

The state of Jammu and Kashmir was the largest state in terms of area among the states of the subcontinent in the north of Pakistan. The borders of this state were with Pakistan, China, Tibet and Afghanistan. According to the 1941 census, the total population of the state was four million. A large part of the population consisted of Muslims. The British government sold this state to a Dogar Raja Gulab Singh for only 7.5 millions.

Dogar Raja Gulab Singh and his successors broke mountains of oppression and oppression on their Muslim subjects. Severe punishments were given to Muslims for minor crimes. The Tung Agar Kashmiri Muslims started a freedom movement against the

Dogar Raj. The movement was severely suppressed by the Raja with the help of the British government.

The state of Kashmir was geographically, culturally and religiously very close to Pakistan. Most of the rivers that irrigate Pakistan originate from Kashmir. In 1947, the Kashmiri people wanted the Raja to accede to Pakistan. But the king did not agree to this. When the Kashmiri people realized that the Raja did not want to join Pakistan. So he started a huge movement.

Raja worked hard. Millions of people were forced to leave their homeland and 200,000 people were martyred. But the movement could not be suppressed. Raja was forced to request help from the Indian government. India has landed its army in the state. And at the same time put pressure on the Raja to announce the accession of the state to India. The Indian government produced a forged document and announced that the Raja had requested the state's accession to India. Which has been accepted by the Indian government.

The people of Kashmir were agitating against the Raja. But now take up arms regularly. Former Kashmiri soldiers started leading the Kashmiri Muslims in the war of independence. Groups of volunteers joined the jihad against the Indian army and the Raja's forces for freedom.

Soon, a lot of territory went out of the hands of the Raja.

The Pakistani government and the entire people got moral and financial support for the freedom movement of Kashmir.

When India saw the situation, it knocked on the door of the United Nations.

The Security Council passed two resolutions. He urged both countries to cease war. And at the same time it was clarified that the opinion of the Kashmiri people will be known. And will be annexed to India or Pakistan according to their will.

Both countries expressed their readiness for a ceasefire. The United Nations has announced to hold a referendum. But no action was taken to solve this problem. And on this issue there have been wars between Pakistan and India in 1948, 1965 and 1971 but the issue was not resolved. Even today the issue of Kashmir is on the big agenda of the United Nations, but it is unable to take any effective action.

If this issue is not resolved, then no one will be able to prevent nuclear war between these two countries. The need is that a solution should be found as soon as possible