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Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist

psychological

By MICHELLE COLSONPublished 3 years ago 11 min read
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"In the depths of the human mind, there are many sleeping powers; awakening these forces that people have never dreamed of, and using them skillfully, can completely change their lives."-Orison Mellen

A person's personality is inseparable and closely related to his growth experience, education and environment. The influence of a native family on a person is even more profound. No one is an island in the world. In interpersonal communication, psychology will be of great use.

Psychological problems have become a problem that modern people cannot ignore. Whether it is personal psychological counseling, native family education, interpersonal relationships in the workplace... you should try to use psychology to intervene and heal. Psychology not only allows people to better understand themselves and human nature, but also helps people who are confused in interpersonal communication.

Therefore, having a certain degree of psychological knowledge can not only help oneself and others, but also use them to analyze the reasons behind social phenomena and personal temperaments. So as to help oneself to have intelligent judgment when facing the ever-changing world.

This issue especially recommends the ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist, each of which is thought-provoking. People who understand psychology understand the world better. Compiled by psychologist Dr. Cao Hui.

01

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Parkinson's Law

The famous British historian Northgood Parkinson has made a long-term investigation and research and wrote a book called "Parkinson's Law". In his book, he elaborated on the reasons and consequences of the swelling of staff: An incompetent official may have three choices:

The first is to apply for resignation and give up the position to a capable person; the second is to let a capable person assist him in the work; the third is to appoint two people whose level is lower than himself as assistants.

The first way is absolutely impossible, because it will lose many rights; the second way cannot be taken, because the capable person will become his opponent; it seems that only the third way is the most suitable. So, two mediocre assistants shared his work.

They only need to give orders, and they will not pose a threat to themselves. If the two assistants are incompetent, they will do their best and find two more incompetent assistants for themselves. By analogy, a leadership system is formed that is bloated, overwhelming, wrangling with each other, and inefficient.

02

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Broken window effect

Psychology refers to a phenomenon as the "broken window effect": if a house has a broken window and no one repairs it, other windows will be broken inexplicably after a short while; if some graffiti appears on a wall and is not cleaned off, the wall will soon be broken The above is full of messy, unsightly things.

Just like a very clean place, people will be embarrassed to throw away trash. If there is trash on the ground, people will throw it away without hesitation, without feeling ashamed. This is really a strange phenomenon, and what psychologists study is this "tipping point."

To what extent the situation is going to be bad, people will give up and let it go to the end. Any bad thing, if it is not stopped in time at the beginning, it will be difficult to change after the formation of the atmosphere. Just like a river embankment, if a small gap is not repaired in time, the dam can collapse, causing millions of times losses.

03

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Birdcage effect

When you hang a beautiful birdcage in the most conspicuous part of the room, within a few days, you will definitely make one of the following two choices: one is to throw the birdcage away, and the other is to buy a bird and put it back in the birdcage. Here, this is the birdcage effect.

The reason is that as long as someone walks into the room and sees the bird cage, they can’t help but ask you, “Where’s the bird? Is it dead?” When you answer, “I’ve never raised a bird.” People will ask, “Then Why do you use this birdcage?" In the end, you have to choose one of two choices, because it's easier than endless explanations.

In life, such unconscious manipulation is a manifestation of the birdcage effect. People often need to spend money and energy to make up the clothes or items they buy, and it takes a lot of trouble to match them.

04

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Responsibility dispersion effect

At 3 am one day in 1964, in front of an apartment in the suburbs of New York, a young woman was assassinated on her way home from work in a bar. When she yelled desperately, nearby residents turned on the lights and opened the windows, and the murderer frightened away.

When everything calmed down, the murderer returned to commit the crime. When she yelled again, the residents turned on the lights again and the murderer ran away again. When she thought that there was nothing wrong, she returned to her house and went upstairs, the murderer appeared again and killed her on the stairs. During the whole process, at least 38 people went to the window to watch each time they called for help, but no one helped or called the police.

The incident caused a social sensation in New York and aroused the thinking of social psychologists. This phenomenon of many bystanders seeing their deaths without saving is called the effect of decentralization of responsibility. A large number of experimental investigations have found that people's assistance behavior is different on different occasions.

When only one person can help, he will realize his responsibility. If there are many people present, the responsibility for helping will be shared by everyone, resulting in scattered responsibilities. As a result, a mentality of "I will not be saved, I will be saved by others," resulting in a situation of "collective indifference."

05

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Hawthorne effect

An experimenter effect in psychology. In the 1920s and 1930s, American researchers conducted experiments on the relationship between working conditions, social factors, and production benefits at the Hawthorne Plant of the Western Electric Power Company in Chicago and discovered the experimenter effect, called the Hawthorne effect.

The first stage of the experiment is the relationship between working conditions and production benefits, which is set as the experimental group and the control group. As a result, regardless of increasing or controlling the illuminance, the output of the experimental group increased, and the output of the control group with the same illuminance also increased. In addition, other factors were tested, and no direct influence of working conditions on production efficiency was found.

The second stage focuses on the relationship between social factors and production efficiency. It was discovered that the increase in production efficiency was mainly due to the mental changes of the subjects. Those who participated in the experiment received attention from all parties and felt that they were an important part of the factory, and were motivated from a social perspective to promote the increase in output.

This shows that when a person receives public attention or gaze, when a person feels that he is valued, the efficiency of learning will increase. People who receive more attention and appreciation will make more progress.

06

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Learned helplessness

The learned helplessness effect is widely discussed in animal and human research. Experiments have shown that training dogs can cross the barrier to escape the experimenter's electric shock. If the dog has received an unexpected and uncontrollable electric shock (such as the interruption of the electric shock does not depend on the dog's behavior), even if there is a chance to escape the electric shock later, it will become unable to escape.

And also showed frustration and depression, decreased initiative and so on. This is because they were attacked by a sense of helplessness in the experiment. Recognizing that the electric shock cannot be stopped anyway, the dog will realize that he cannot change the external control and feel helpless.

If people encounter learned helplessness, they will develop into deep despair and sorrow. Therefore, in study and life, we should broaden our eyes, look at the factors that really determine things objectively, and avoid falling into despair. Also recognize that one's learned helplessness, don't use experience to limit yourself.

07

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Mustang ending

There is a kind of vampire bat on the African grassland, which often stings on the legs of wild horses to suck blood. Many wild horses will die after being sucked blood by them. Zoologists say: bats suck blood very little, far from lethal. The real cause of death of these wild horses is rage and running wild.

The violent emotional reaction of wild horses after being sucked blood is the direct cause of death. Vampire bats are only an external challenge to the Mustang. To be furious and angry about trivial matters is to punish yourself with other people's mistakes. Will be like this kind of wild horse, causing an end that hurts itself.

People who know how to manage emotions are wise, and are a big step ahead of those who easily lose control of their emotions. When things don't go well, it's always right to choose to be calm.

08

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Southerly effect

French writer La Fontaine wrote such a fable: The north wind is more powerful than the south wind, to see who can take off the coat of the pedestrian. The north wind tried his best to blow away the clothes of pedestrians. As a result, pedestrians wrapped their coats tighter to withstand the cold.

The south wind blows slowly, warming the weather, and pedestrians take off their coats one after another because they feel warm. In this game, Nanfeng won. This is the "southern wind effect", which illustrates the relationship between people. Once the method is wrong, it will be counterproductive.

09

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

Halo effect

The famous Russian writer Pushkin once suffered from the halo effect. He fell in love with Natalie, "Moscow's No. 1 Beauty", and married her. But she is different from Pushkin. When Pushkin reads her written poems to her every time, she always covers her ears and says, "Don't listen! Don't listen!"

On the contrary, she always asked Pushkin to accompany her to play and attend some luxurious evening parties and dances. Pushkin left his creations for this, and made debts high, and finally died due to her duel, causing a literary superstar to fall prematurely. In Pushkin's view, beautiful women must also have extraordinary wisdom and noble character.

The so-called halo effect is that a certain aspect of a person conceals other characteristics, thereby causing interpersonal cognitive impairment. In daily life, the "halo effect" often quietly affects our perception and evaluation of others.

10

Ten psychological effects that humans cannot resist ​

▍The Rosenthal effect

American psychologist Rosenthal and others did a famous experiment in 1968. In an elementary school, children from three classes in each of grades 1 to 6 are given a meaningful "predicting future development test". Then the experimenter will notify the teacher of the list of students who think they have "excellent development potential".

In fact, the list is not determined based on the test results, but randomly selected. It hints at teachers with "authoritative lies", thus mobilizing teachers to have certain expectations for the students on the list. Eight months later, the results of the second test found that the performance of the students on the list generally improved, and the teachers also gave them good behavior reviews.

People call this kind of subtle influence on students' psychology through teachers, so that students can achieve the progress expected by teachers, which is called the "Rosenthal effect." Such a general trend should be a wake-up call for parents and teachers.

Educational practice shows that when teachers love certain students and have higher expectations for them, students will feel care, love and encouragement for a period of time, and they will often treat teachers and study with a positive attitude. Will be more self-esteem, self-confidence, self-love and self-improvement.

On the contrary, those students who are neglected and discriminated against by their teachers will over time be "biased" and treat their teachers and their studies in a negative manner. Will ignore or refuse to follow the teacher's request, these students will often become bad day by day, and eventually become bad elements in society.

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About the Creator

MICHELLE COLSON

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