Bladder cancer- symptoms, treatment and diet

Highlight-

Consuming a diet rich in dietary carotenoids such as beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha/beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, vitamin E, selenium, yogurt, dried fruits, cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and kale. And the fruit may reduce the risk of bladder cancer. However, avoid high intake of foods like red and processed meat, betel nut chewing, consumption of arsenic-rich water, fried eggs and lifestyle factors like smoking tobacco as it may increase the risk of bladder cancer, prognosis and treatment May affect the results of, may worsen. Symptoms, or an increase in the chance of cancer recurrence.

Incidence of bladder cancer-

Bladder cancer is cancer that begins in the lining of the bladder. It is the 6th most common cancer in men and the 6th most common cancer in women. It is one of the top 17 most commonly occurring cancers in the world. 10 new cases were reported in 2018. (Globocan 5,49,393)

More than 90% of people with this cancer are over the age of 55. The average age of people diagnosed with this cancer is 73 years. The prognosis of bladder cancer can range from good to poor depending on the type, grade, and stage of the cancer. The prognosis of bladder cancer may also depend on how well the patient responds to treatment, and factors such as age, general health, and medical history. The 5-year survival rate for people with this cancer is 77%. (American Society of Clinical Oncology)

The most common risk factors for bladder cancer include:

Exposure to harmful substances

Smoking tobacco

Contact with certain chemicals used in manufacturing

Types of bladder cancer-

Depending on the extent of spread of the cancer, bladder cancer is generally classified as:

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: where cancer cells are contained within the lining of the bladder.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: where cancer cells spread beyond the lining, into the surrounding bladder muscle.

Metastatic bladder cancer: When cancer has spread to other parts of the body

This cancer can also be classified based on how the cancer cells look under the microscope:

Urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma or TCC: which begins in the urothelial cells found in the urinary tract.

Squamous cell carcinoma: which develops in the lining of the bladder in response to irritation and inflammation.

Adenocarcinoma: which develops from glandular cells.

Patients with metastatic bladder cancer generally have a poor prognosis.

Symptoms of bladder cancer-

One of the most common symptoms of bladder cancer includes blood in the urine, medically known as hematuria, which can cause urine to appear bright red and is usually painless.

Other less common signs and symptoms of bladder cancer include:

Increased frequency of urination

Sudden urge to urinate

Burning during urination

Advanced stages of bladder cancer may also show the following symptoms:

Unintentional weight loss

Back pain

Pelvic pain

Sone pain

Swollen feet

If any of these symptoms or symptoms of bladder cancer are seen, then it should be examined by a doctor.

Treatment for bladder cancer-

Bladder cancer treatment depends on various factors such as the type of cancer, stage and grade of cancer, general health and medical history of the patient. Treatment options for bladder cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Surgery or radiation treatment may be used to remove or destroy cancer cells. Intravesical chemotherapy or chemotherapy in the bladder is performed when the cancer is confined to the bladder at high risk of recurrence or progression to a higher stage. Systemic chemotherapy or chemo is done for the whole body to increase the chances of recovery for a patient undergoing surgery to remove the bladder. It can also be used as the main treatment when surgery cannot be performed. Immunotherapy can also be used to treat bladder cancer by triggering the body's immune system to fight the cancer cells. When these treatments don't work, targeted therapies may also be used for healing.

Role of diet in bladder cancer-

Although tobacco smoking and exposure to chemicals are known to be major risk factors/causes of bladder cancer, diet may also play an important role in increasing or reducing the risk of this cancer. In this blog, we will detail some of the studies conducted by researchers around the world, who evaluated the association between the intake of different types of foods/diet and the risk of bladder cancer.

Avoid foods like red and processed meat to reduce the risk of bladder cancer

In a meta-analysis conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, they analyzed dietary data from 5 population-based studies involving 3262 cases and 1,038,787 participants and 8 case-control/observational clinical studies involving 7009 participants. Cases and 27,240 participants were included. Through a literature search in the PubMed database by January 2016. The researchers found that a higher intake of processed meat was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in both case-control and population-based studies. However, they found an increased risk of bladder cancer with increased red meat intake only in case-control studies, but not in cohort/population-based studies. (Alessio Crippa et al, Eur J Nutr., 2018)

Therefore, it is better to avoid foods like red and processed meat to reduce the risk of bladder cancer.

Betel nut chewing may increase risk of cancer recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

A study by researchers from The Second Jiangya Hospital in China and The Queen's Medical Research Institute in the United Kingdom included 242 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who underwent transurethral resection surgery, to identify risk factors. evaluated. cancer recurrence. The researchers found that high betel chewing increased the risk of cancer recurrence in NMIBC patients. (Jian Cao et al, Science Rep, 2016)

Chewing betel nut may also affect the prognosis of bladder cancer.

Consumption of rice cooked in arsenic in water and bladder cancer risk

Analysis of dietary information from a US population-based case-control study with 316 cases identified through the cancer registry of the New Hampshire State Department of Health and Human Services and 230 controls selected from New Hampshire residents and obtained from New Hampshire were done. The Department of Transportation and Medicare enrollment lists found evidence for an interaction between high consumption of brown rice and arsenic concentrations in water. (Antonio J. Sci-Pastor et al, Epidemiology. 316)

The researchers highlighted that brown rice may have higher arsenic content than white rice and observed a potential increase in arsenic burden in cooked rice if arsenic-contaminated cooking water is used. Can

However, the study did not provide any strong evidence that regular brown rice consumption may contribute to the overall incidence of bladder cancer. However, since bladder cancer may be a potential health hazard due to the arsenic content, the researchers suggest further detailed research, including larger studies, to evaluate any association between brown rice consumption and bladder cancer risk.

Egg consumption and bladder cancer risk-

by researchers from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou in China, based on data from 4 cohort studies and 9 case-control studies involving 2715 cases and 184,727 participants obtained through a literature search in the PubMed database up to February A meta-analysis was done. 4 found no significant association between egg intake and bladder cancer risk. (Fei Li et al, Nutr Cancer., 9)

However, based on a limited number of studies, a possible association with increased intake of fried eggs with increased risk of bladder cancer was suggested. Therefore, avoid or limit fried foods, such as fried eggs, to reduce your risk of bladder cancer.

Dietary carotenoid intake may reduce risk-

A meta-analysis of 22 observational studies conducted by researchers at the University of Texas Health Center at San Antonio, which included 516,740 adults obtained through literature searches in the PubMed and Scopus databases and the Cochrane Library as of April 2019, found that each For every 1 mg increase in daily intake of dietary carotenoids, such as beta-cryptoxanthin (which is commonly found in oranges and tangerines), the risk of bladder cancer decreased by 42%, while total dietary carotenoid intake decreased the risk by 15%. Decreased. (Wu S et al, eds. Nutr., 2020)

The study also found that the risk of bladder cancer decreased by 1% for every 76 micromole increase in circulating concentrations of alpha-carotene and by 1% for every 27 micromole increase in beta-carotene. Carrots are great sources of alpha and beta carotene. Additionally, they also found that there was a 1% reduction in the risk of this cancer for every 56 micromole increase in circulating concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin. Some food sources of lutein and zeaxanthin are broccoli, spinach, kale, asparagus.

Therefore, including carotenoids as part of the diet may reduce the risk of bladder cancer.

Selenium intake may reduce the risk-

A meta-analysis by researchers from the Spanish National Cancer Research Center based on data from 7 studies including 6 case-control studies and 1 population-based study published before March 2010 evaluated the association between selenium levels and bladder cancer. The study found a 39% lower risk of bladder cancer with the highest levels of selenium. The study also reported that the protective benefit of selenium was seen mostly in women. (Andre FS Amaral et al, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 2010)

Consuming probiotic yogurt may reduce risk-

A meta-analysis conducted by researchers from Sichuan University in China, based on 61 studies, including 1,962,774 participants and 38,358 cancer cases, retrieved through a literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases through July 2018 , which found that consumption of probiotic yogurt was associated with a lower risk of bladder and colorectal cancer. (Cui Zhang et al, Int J Cancer., 2019)

Therefore, including yogurt as part of the diet may reduce the risk of bladder cancer.

Cruciferous vegetable consumption may reduce risk-

Researchers from the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University in China conducted a meta-analysis using data from 10 observational studies obtained through a literature search for studies published between 1979 and June 2009, including 5 case-control studies. and 5 cohort studies were included. The risk of bladder cancer was found to be significantly lower with a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables in the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases, and specifically in case-control studies. (Liu B et al, World J Urol., 10)

Therefore, including cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and kale as part of the diet may reduce the risk of bladder cancer.

Vitamin E intake may reduce risk-

A meta-analysis conducted by researchers from the Second Military Medical University and Tongji University in China used 11 prospective studies, including 3 clinical trials and 8 population-based studies with 575,601 participants, through a literature search in online databases. were obtained, which found that intake of vitamin E was associated. With a lower risk of bladder cancer. (Jian-hai Lin et al, Int J Vitam Nutr Res., 11)

Therefore, including foods rich in vitamin E such as sunflower seeds, almonds, spinach, avocados, squash, kiwifruit, trout, shrimp, olive oil, wheat germ oil and broccoli may reduce the risk of bladder cancer. It is possible

Vegetable and fruit intake may reduce risk-

A meta-analysis by researchers from Tongji University and Nanjing Medical University in China based on data from 27 studies (12 cohort and 15 case-control studies) obtained through a computer search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and a A manual review of references found that increased vegetable and fruit intake reduced the risk of bladder cancer by 16% and 19%, respectively. Dose-response analysis also reported that for each 8 g/day increase in vegetable and fruit consumption, the risk of this cancer decreased by 9% and 200%, respectively. (Huan Liu et al, Eur J Cancer Prev, 2015)

Consumption of dried fruits may reduce the risk

Researchers from the University of Missouri, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital in the US conducted a systematic review of 16 observational studies that were published between 1985 and 2018 to examine any association between traditional dried fruit consumption and probability can be assessed. Cancer risk in humans. The studies included in the analysis were mostly conducted in the United States, the Netherlands and Spain, with a total of 437,298 cases with 12,732 participants. They found that consuming 3-5 or more servings per week of dried fruits may reduce the risk of cancers of the digestive system, such as colon, bladder and colon cancer. (Mosin VV et al, Ed Nutr. 2019)

Conclusion-

These observational studies suggest that intake of dietary carotenoid-rich foods such as beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha/beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, vitamin E, selenium, yogurt, dried fruits, cruciferous vegetables and fruits may reduce the risk of bladder cancer. The risk may be reduced. However, avoiding consumption of foods such as red and processed meat, chewing betel nut, using arsenic-contaminated water or fried eggs and lifestyle factors such as smoking tobacco can increase the risk of bladder cancer. May affect results, worsen symptoms. Or the chances of recurrence of cancer increases. Avoid tobacco smoking, eat right, be physically active, and get regular exercise to ward off bladder cancer and improve prognosis.

The food you eat and the supplements you take are your decisions. Your decision should include consideration of cancer gene mutations, which cancer, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, lifestyle information, weight, height and habits.

Nutrition Plan for Cancer from Addon is not based on internet searches. It automates decision making for you based on molecular science implemented by our scientists and software engineers. Whether or not you care to understand the underlying biochemical molecular pathways - nutrition planning for cancer requires understanding this.

Get started with your nutrition plan now by answering questions on cancer, genetic mutations, ongoing treatments and supplements, any allergies, habits, lifestyle, age group and gender.