Rakindu Perera
Bio
I’m a highly successful content writer with articles recognised by huge varieties of organisations. Also being in completion of a Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering, I have the upmost know when it comes to exteme applications.
Stories (36/0)
Understanding Stress: Debunking Common Myths 🧠
Stress is a natural part of life that helps us respond to threats and challenges. However, many myths still exist around stress that can lead people to view it only negatively or mishandle its effects. In this article, we will explore some commonly held beliefs about stress and provide insight from stress experts to separate fact from fiction. While it may seem appealing, being completely stress-free is neither achievable nor healthy. As stress experts Stephanie Cook and Terry Solero explain, a certain level of stress response called "fight or flight" has helped humans survive encounters with threats in our evolution. Our bodies developed this capability to either confront or quickly escape from dangers like encountering a mother bear and her cubs on a hike. However, too much prolonged stress takes a toll. When our stress response system remains continually triggered over time, it puts us at risk for poor health outcomes physically and mentally. So rather than seeking a stress-free existence, the goal should be welcoming helpful stresses that motivate us while mitigating harmful stresses through adaptive coping. A presence of stress hormones in moderation can actually enhance performance for tasks that cause positive excitement, like public speaking engagements. Protecting children from all stressors is known as "helicopter parenting" and can backfire according to the experts. While parents have good intentions, removing challenges and distressing experiences denies kids opportunities to build resilience at a young age. When constantly shielded, children may struggle with anxiety and lack skills to self-soothe when distressed. The appropriate approach is to acknowledge children's emotions while still allowing them to work through difficulties with a support system. Facing mild stresses helps wire their brains to cope adaptively as they grow. Parents can make sure kids feel heard and validated rather than fixing everything for them. Over time, this teaches resilience which serves individuals better than constant protection from life's inevitable stresses. Taking a break does provide temporary relief but will not resolve deep-rooted burnout on its own, the psychologists explain. Burnout stems from prolonged stress, exhaustion, and feeling overwhelmed by responsibilities beyond one's capacity. While vacations prevent burnout symptoms in the moment, feelings are likely to return after the trip ends unless the underlying issues are addressed. True recovery involves removing the aspect of life causing burnout itself or developing healthier daily habits shown to combat stress long-term. Consistently sticking to routines like quality sleep, nutrition, exercise, mindfulness meditation, and pleasurable activities better manage burnout than brief fixes alone. Making permanent lifestyle adjustments aims to prevent burnout recurrence rather than just treating its symptoms temporarily. Whether stress impacts us positively or negatively hinges greatly on context and mindset. Stress experts clarify that stress responses serve an important purpose driving behaviors like working hard towards goals when motivated. Anticipating excited events like weddings can induce stress that boosts rather than hinders performance through eagerness versus distress. Not all stress should be avoided. Research shows a threshold level may actually enhance cognition and productivity. The key is controlling interpretation of what causes us stress. Certain stimuli activate stress responses due to their perceived threatening nature when appraised negatively. But evaluating the same triggers in a challenging yet controllable light prompts hardiness instead of harm. Developing flexible thinking helps optimize use of the stress response for gains rather than let it universally dictate losses in our lives. While wartime trauma was long the main focus, post-traumatic stress disorder results from any emotionally overwhelming event whether large natural disasters or more common traumas. Experts acknowledge PTSD risk exists following intimate partner violence, criminal acts, accidents, medical trauma, and even discrimination through 'microaggressions.' Over half of Americans face at least one traumatic experience that could potentially lead to PTSD. Diagnosis hinges not on a specific trigger but displaying severe symptoms like reliving the event through intrusive thoughts or nightmares, avoiding reminders, emotional numbing, and exaggerated startle responses. Most trauma survivors do not get PTSD, though awareness is growing of non-military causes. Researchers now design broader prevention efforts addressing underserved populations suffering less acknowledged but still deeply distressing traumas. Using food to temporarily alleviate feelings of stress forms an unhealthy feedback loop if relied on regularly without alternative coping. The psychologists acknowledge occasional stress-induced indulgences pose little harm alone. However, continuously eating for emotional rather than physical reasons when distressed opens the door for overeating and weight gain. This makes stressors feel more difficult to handle while introducing new health concerns. Mindful strategies aim to short-circuit relying on unhealthy behaviors to self-soothe. Learning to sit with uncomfortable emotions allows their natural passing without masking through compulsions like bingeing. While dieting should never substitute for developing coping skills, balancing stress responses supports well-being physically as well as mentally in the long-run. Everything serves us best in moderation, including turning to food for support alone. In conclusion, stress represents neither an unmitigated bad nor something entirely avoidable. Our very survival depends on stress response systems that evolved to protect us. But perpetually high stress takes its toll, and certain stress myths prevent optimizing our resilience. Distinguishing facts from fiction empowers managing what we can versus dwelling in distress over events beyond personal control. Recognizing stress as natural yet malleable sets the stage for improving overall wellness and performance throughout everyday challenges life presents.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Lifehack
Debunking Common Myths about the Human Brain 🧠
The human brain is one of the most complex and fascinating organs in the body. However, there are still many widespread myths and misconceptions about how our brains work. In this article, we will explore 10 commonly believed brain myths and separate fact from fiction based on the latest neurological research. Myth #1: We only use 10% of our brains. This is simply not true. Functional imaging techniques like PET and fMRI scans have shown that the entire brain is very active and no part of it goes unused. While different regions may be more stimulated during particular tasks, we utilize most areas of the brain on a regular basis. The idea that only 10% is being used likely originated from early observations that certain brain areas were damaged without obvious effects, but we now know the brain has redundancy built in. Myth #2: Bigger brains mean greater intelligence. Brain size alone does not determine how smart an organism is. While humans have larger brains than many other species relative to our body size, some animals like whales and elephants have even bigger brains but likely aren’t more intelligent. Instead, factors like how developed and well-connected different brain regions are seem to correlate more closely with intelligence capabilities. Chimpanzees, for example, have been found to have similar levels of cognition as humans despite their smaller brains. Myth #3: IQ tests are an infallible measure of intelligence. In reality, IQ scores provide an imperfect snapshot of certain cognitive abilities but cannot encapsulate full human intelligence, which is quite complex and multifaceted. IQ tests are influenced by life experiences, education level, mood, and other external variables. They also tend to emphasize logic, reading, and math skills over other types of "smarts" like social or emotional intelligence. As such, high or low IQ scores should not be taken as immutable defining characteristics. Myth #4: Video games rot your brain. In moderation, video games may actually provide cognitive benefits like improving hand-eye coordination, multitasking, and problem-solving skills. Excessive gaming that replaces real-world social interaction could be problematic, but most research suggests video games themselves do not cause harm. Some studies even show video game simulators enhancing skills useful for activities like surgery. As with many things, balance is key - video games are unlikely to inherently damage the brain unless consumed to an unhealthy extreme. Myth #5: Memory inevitably deteriorates with age. While certain types of memory like episodic memory do tend to decline as we age, other forms like semantic memory and procedural skills can actually improve over time through continued use. Not all memory changes associated with aging represent illness - some loss of recall for recent events is normal. Lifestyle factors like cardiovascular health, diet, exercise and brain stimulation can help maintain memory abilities as long as possible by supporting brain cell connections. Dementia is not an inevitable consequence of growing old. Myth #6: It's impossible to prevent strokes. We now know that addressing modifiable stroke risk factors can significantly lower chances of having one. Maintaining a healthy diet, limiting alcohol, not smoking, controlling blood pressure/cholesterol/blood sugar levels, exercising regularly, and avoiding head injuries can all help avoid stroke. Learning signs of stroke like facial drooping or arm weakness and seeking immediate medical care if they occur improves outcomes as well. While heredity plays a role, lifestyle choices influence stroke risk greatly. Prevention is possible through sustained self-care of mind and body. Myth #7: Different brain hemispheres determine creativity vs logic. While language skills tend to lateralize more to the left side for most right-handed individuals, creative talents do not reside predominantly in one hemisphere or the other. Environmental and educational influences rather than inherent brain organization are what impact one's predisposition for logic versus creativity. No structural brain differences exist between so-called "left-brained" logical and "right-brained" artistic types. Talents develop based on nurture, not pre-determined nature. Myth #8: Eating fish makes you smarter. Fish consumption provides important omega-3 fatty acids that support brain and heart health when consumed in moderation as part of an overall balanced diet. However, it does not directly confer improvements to intelligence. Fish was likely recommended for cognitive benefits more due to its nutritional properties than a unique ability to make one smarter. A well-rounded Mediterranean-style diet that includes fish among other brain-healthy foods may aid cognition rather than fish alone imparting extra brilliance. Myth #9: One seizure means you have epilepsy. Not necessarily - seizures can happen for various reasons outside of having epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. True epilepsy is diagnosed when someone has recurrent unprovoked seizures over time despite medication adherence. A single seizure may result from factors like medication withdrawal, illness, trauma or genetic conditions rather than signifying lifelong epilepsy. Someone experiencing even multiple isolated spells should be examined to determine the cause before labeling it epilepsy. Myth #10: Men and women's brains are inherently different. No, the brains of all humans are fundamentally alike regardless of sex or gender. While studies had hinted at tendencies for enhanced emotional processing in some females versus executive function in some males, societal influences on brain development are now understood to far outweigh any innate dimorphism. All people are born with equivalent brain structures that then shape according to life experiences rather than pre-determined gender attributes. Nurture, not nature, sculpt brains over the lifespan. In summary, many common ideas about how the brain works have either been proven false or require more nuanced understanding. Continued neurological research helps dispel myths and replace fiction with fact-based knowledge about this complex organ. Taking good care of brain health through lifestyle is the best approach rather than relying on unfounded notions. An educated, skeptical perspective serves us well in sorting truth from myth when it comes to understanding our brains.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Lifehack
Exploring the Possibilities of Time Travel 🕰️ 🧳
The idea of traveling to the past or future has long captured our imaginations in science fiction, but could it ever become reality? While time travel remains firmly in the realm of theory today, the laws of physics may permit it under certain conditions. Let’s explore what modern science tells us about the possibility and challenges of manipulating time. Our modern understanding of time began with Einstein’s theory of relativity. It showed that time is relative and can flow at different rates depending on an object’s motion or proximity to massive objects like stars. But perhaps the most profound insight is that time is merely one dimension of spacetime, along with three dimensions of space. This opened up mind-bending ideas about the nonlinear nature of time. If time can bend and warp alongside space, it suggests the possibility of shortcuts or ‘wormholes’ that could connect different points in spacetime. In theory, wormholes act like tunnels cutting across the fabric of the universe. Traveling through one could transport someone vast distances, or perhaps even between different points in time. However, current physics shows wormholes would collapse almost instantly due to pressure from quantum effects. Stabilizing them would require amounts of energy far beyond what we can generate.Another approach focuses on moving at or faster than light speed. According to relativity, time slows down for fast-moving objects. At light speed it stands still. So accelerating to superluminal speeds could allow travel into the future, as more time would pass on Earth than in the traveler's frame of reference. However, no known means exists to exceed light speed, and relativistic effects become unpredictable beyond that boundary. Tachyons, hypothetical particles that always move faster than light, are another proposed solution. Some think they could travel backward in time. But direct evidence for tachyons has never been found, and they would violate causality by allowing effects to precede causes. Regardless, building a viable 'tachyon drive' remains entirely speculative. Wormholes and superluminal travel face enormous practical hurdles requiring technologies far beyond our current capacities. But progress in quantum physics offers another potentially viable avenue – harnessing quantum effects to create shortcuts between spacetime points. One idea proposes squeezing matter through an extra dimension curled up tiny at the subatomic scale. Essentially tunneling between our three dimensions and higher-order dimensions to travel through spacetime. However, generating controlled extra dimensions and navigating them presents formidable challenges. Another approach applies quantum mechanics principles. Entangled particles behave non-locally as if interfaced, even when physically separated. Some theorize entangled systems could allow communicating into the past by exploiting obscure quantum processes like negative energies or closed timelike curves. If realized, quantum time travel may be far more achievable than classical approaches. But controlling delicate quantum states well enough to transmit meaningful information backward poses monumental engineering obstacles. Clarifying how to preserve causality also remains unclear. Regardless of the method, time travelers would face fundamental problems like paradoxes arising from changes to history. The 'grandfather paradox' - changing the past so your grandfather is never born thereby preventing your own existence - highlights issues of self-consistency. Special principles may need to govern changes, with the past only mutable in dynamically allowed 'alternative timelines’. While overcoming all these immense scientific and logical hurdles means time travel may never transpire, ongoing developments in fields like quantum computing could gradually create ways of transforming time manipulation from imaginary fiction to theoretical possibility. Ultimately, even partial demonstrations of warping or tunneling through spacetime would profoundly influence our view of reality and humanity's role in the cosmos. Whether we can devise reliable journeys across time remains one of science's greatest unsolved puzzles.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Futurism
The Catastrophe of 1948: The Palestinian Exodus 🇵🇸
The creation of the state of Israel in 1948 led to one of the largest mass displacements in modern history. Over 750,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes during the conflict, in what Palestinians mourn as Al-Nakba, which translates to “The Catastrophe”. This mass exodus had long-lasting repercussions that still impact the region today. To understand how this came to pass, we must examine the political events and military actions that precipitated the Palestinian refugee crisis of 1948.In the late 1940s, the landscape of Palestine was in flux. Following World War II, Zionist movements pushed to establish a Jewish national homeland in the territory, while the native Arab population sought self-determination and independence from British colonial rule. Tensions rose sharply as Zionist immigration swelled the Jewish minority population in Palestine, spurring land disputes and violence. Against this turbulent backdrop, the newly formed United Nations drew up a partition plan in 1947 to divide the territory into separate Arab and Jewish states. However, the plan was bitterly opposed by Palestinians, as it would consolidate Zionist control over a disproportionate amount of land despite the Arab majority population. As a result, sectarian conflict soon escalated into open civil war between Palestinian Arab and Zionist militias. As the British mandate neared its end in May 1948, Zionists declared independence and established the state of Israel. Arab states immediately entered the fray, launching military intervention on the side of Palestinian forces in an attempt to alter the consequences of partition. In response, Zionist paramilitary groups took the opportunity to seize more territory beyond the original partition boundaries. It was during this period of hostilities known as the 1948 Arab-Israeli War that the Palestinian exodus unfolded. Through a series of military campaigns codenamed Plan Dalet, Zionist militias successfully overran Arab villages and depopulated urban centers within the territory allocated to the Jewish state by the UN. Towns like Jaffa and Haifa were emptied of the majority of their Arab residents through threats of violence, or actual massacres intended to induce panic and flight. But Zionist forces also pushed into regions outside these designated borders, capturing mixed areas and depopulating them. The village of Deir Yassin, which resisted the Haganah militia, suffered over 100 civilian deaths in one notorious atrocity that sent shockwaves across Palestine. News of mass killings and fear mongering over Zionist reprisals triggered waves of civilians to flee for their lives. Many made the exodus on foot with little more than the clothes on their backs, believing they would soon return home after a short hiatus in safety. But they found no safe haven - neighboring Arab states were quickly overwhelmed with the sheer volume of refugees pouring over their borders. By the time armistice agreements ended open warfare in 1949, over 80% of Palestinians had been displaced. Some were driven out by Zionist military campaigns like Operation Dani and Hametz. Others were expelled through direct orders or intimidation by Zionist authorities after the fact to prevent return and consolidate control over the new Jewish state of Israel. To this day, the precise number of deaths from this period is unknown due to incomplete documentation. But the human cost was undoubtedly staggering, with historians estimating it may have exceeded 15,000 Palestinian casualties lost during Al-Nakba. Over 500 villages were destroyed or de-populated, further erasing physical remnants of Arab life that had existed for centuries. For Palestinians, the catastrophe did not end with displaced persons finding temporary shelter elsewhere. They were prevented from returning to their homes despite UN resolutions upholding this right. Israel enacted laws barring entry and demolished villages to deter resettlement. As a result, the refugee crisis swelled further, with generations of Palestinians remaining stateless and in permanent exile. Their struggling descendants now number over 5 million, still seeking implementation of the right of return. Meanwhile, within Israel’s post-1967 borders, approximately 1.5 million Palestinian Arab citizens inherited a legacy of deep inequalities compared to the Jewish population. The scars of dispossession live on for Palestinians in the West Bank, Gaza and global diaspora as well. Objectively examining how and why this massive displacement unfolded is vital for understanding the roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that persist today. While celebrating independence, Israelis must acknowledge how Palestinian national aspirations were denied through violence and expulsion in 1948. Palestinians too will continue struggling for redress and self-determination until justice is fulfilled for the loss of their historic homeland during the Nakba. Only byfacing this shared history of loss can the parties make progress toward a solution that respects both peoples’ collective rights.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Criminal
The Science of the Perfect Cup of Coffee ☕️
While opinions on ideal coffee remain subjective, understanding its underlying science provides a framework for optimizing each step of the brewing process. From varietal selection to extraction methods, a complex interplay of chemical, physical, and environmental factors determines a drink's unique flavor profile. With knowledge of these principles, aspiring baristas can deliberately control variables to produce consistently high quality results tailoring to personal tastes. All coffee originates from two main plant species - Arabica and Robusta. Though similar in appearance, their biochemical compositions differ notably. Robusta packs double the caffeine along with higher chlorogenic acid, imparting a harsher, more bitter taste compared to milder Arabica. However, Arabica's elevated sugar content translates to sweeter caramel and berry notes post-roasting. Varietal terrain and climate further distinguish regional lots. Higher altitude Arabica cultivars from Kenya and Panama develop intense acidity, while moist lowlands yield fuller bodied Java and Sumatran profiles. Terroir influences parallel wine, with soil mineral content transferring to subtle nuances in cup character. The roasting process enzymatically transforms raw beans through chemical reactions such as Maillard browning. This fuses amino acids and sugars, intensively developing flavor while shrinking and darkening the beans. Temperature and duration impact development, with longer roasts favoring richer, toasted profiles over brighter fruitiness from lighter methods. Contrary to myth, caffeine levels remain fairly constant regardless of roast level as the molecule remains heat stable. However, decreasing density from moisture loss at darker roasts can concentrate caffeine per unit on a quantitative scale. Proper weighing plus understanding varietal differences clarifies perceived intensity discrepancies. Grind size proves equally critical, directly influencing extraction efficiency. Too coarse results in underdeveloped, sour coffee dominated by acids, while overly fine particles impede flow rates, overextracting tannins to produce bitterness. Fluid dynamics principles elucidated by Darcy illuminate these mechanisms. His laws relate seepage rates to variables such as particle surface area and conduit size. Studies applying this model determine 15 grams at a uniform medium grind extracts balanced flavors most consistently for espresso. Finer micron filtration also impacts mouthfeel by trapping soluble solids.Preparation styles in-still distinctive qualities relating to temperature, pressure, steeping duration and more. Immersion methods like pouring hot water over grounds in a CHEMEX favor gentle, full-bodied extractions showcasing clarity and notes on the lighter end of the flavor spectrum. While espresso accelerates extraction through 9 bars of pressure packing tightly packed grounds. This prompts fast, efficient solubilization of body-building lipids and aromatics for a thicker mouthfeel and deeper flavors profiled for intensity. Water also exhibits considerable influence on solubility, hardness playing a key role. Positively charged mineral ions like magnesium in hard water form stronger attractions to coffee’s negatively charged soluble compounds versus soft water, releasing more fractional components into the cup. Proper heating represents another fine-tuned parameter, with an ideal window of 195-205°F Fahrenheit enabling balanced solubilisation over time. Outside this range, additional heat forces more bitter molecules like caffeine and pyrazines from grounds while potentially limiting desirable development. Conversely, cooler brewing forfeits uniform contact, though methods like overnight cold brewing offset this through gradual steeping versus rapid heating. Overall temperature impacts flavors as compounds dissolve differentially based on their individual kinetic properties. Understanding molecular, fluidic and thermodynamic influences provides framework for optimising variables to produce drinkable coffee matching personal preferences. However, “perfect” remains subjective dependent on set, setting and individual tasting experiences that evolve over time. The dedicated enthusiast treats science as a tool versus dogma, prioritising experimentation and flexibility. Larger specialty roasters incorporate diverse styles to engage varied customers while supporting global farming communities through sustainably sourced beans. Ultimately, each deliberately crafted cup celebrates both nature’s bounty and community amid humanity’s continued scientific curiosity.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Lifehack
Tackling the Tropospheric Trends: Reducing Ruminant Rumblings 🌍
Cattle farming is a major source of methane emissions, a greenhouse gas that is warming the planet. With over 1.5 billion cows worldwide that each emit up to 220 pounds of methane per year through belching and flatulence, enteric methane from livestock accounts for about 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions. As the international community works to reduce global methane by 30% by 2030 through initiatives like the United Nations Global Methane Pledge, addressing methane from cattle is a key part of the climate solution. While reducing beef consumption would lower emissions, changing human diets on a global scale presents difficulties. Researchers are thus exploring diet-based solutions directly targeted at cattle to lower their methane output. One promising avenue being studied involves supplementing cattle feed with seaweed. The reason cattle produce large amounts of methane is due to their specialized digestion system. Their four-compartment stomach, particularly the largest one called the rumen, hosts microbes that break down tough plant fibers through enteric fermentation. This enzymatic process provides calories and nutrients to the cow but also generates methane as a byproduct. The cow then belches this methane, releasing it into the atmosphere. Methane emissions can be influenced by diet—foods like grass and hay that remain in the rumen longer tend to produce more methane than grains like corn. Researchers are thus investigating food additives that can tweak cattle diets to suppress methane-producing enzymes or microbes in the rumen. One such additive showing potent methane-reducing effects is a species of red seaweed. In 2018, a study led by Dr. Ermias Kebreab at UC Davis found that adding dried red seaweed to cattle feed slashed methane emissions by over 95% in Australian cows. In 2021, Kebreab's team successfully replicated these results in a live trial with dairy cows in California, observing an 82% decrease in methane. The key compound in this seaweed responsible for its anti-methane properties is bromoform, which suppresses the enzyme that generates methane during digestion. Remarkably, the seaweed does not negatively impact the cows' health, growth, or milk production. Other feed additives under investigation include fatty acids and extracts from plants like oregano and cinnamon bark. Fatty acids work by altering rumen microbes and limiting carbohydrate fermentation, while botanical essential oils may curb specific methane-producing bacteria. Kebreab notes seaweed has been the most potent additive identified so far. Its widespread cultivation also has environmental co-benefits, as seaweed farming does not compete for scarce resources like freshwater. Seaweed growth could aid in combating ocean acidification caused by rising carbon dioxide levels as well. While seaweed shows tremendous promise, scaling up its use faces logistical hurdles. Dried seaweed is heavy and transporting from subtropical farms to cattle operations in places like the continental U.S. risks negating emissions reductions through increased shipping. Packaging and distribution must be optimized to deliver seaweed economically. More research is also needed to assess if the bromoform compound could potentially impact cow or human health with long-term exposure. Additionally, a recent Australian study found the same seaweed variety only reduced cattle methane by under 30%, indicating effects may vary. No single solution will suffice, and a portfolio of options is required. Alternative feed additives are still in development. Genetic selection of cattle that naturally produce less methane is another potential avenue. Improving grazing land management practices and manure treatment can further lower outputs. Most importantly, reducing overconsumption of red meat through dietary shifts and supporting plant-based alternatives will significantly curb emissions. With continued innovation and global cooperation through initiatives like the UN Methane Pledge, scientists are working to deploy practical methane mitigation strategies on cattle farms worldwide one step at a time. The ultimate goal is developing robust solutions that protect both the climate and vital food production systems in a sustainable manner.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Earth
The Changing Landscape of Solar Power in the United States 🔋 🇺🇸
America's relationship with solar power has evolved rapidly over the past decade. As leaders set ambitious climate goals and demand for renewable energy rises, utilities have scrambled to build utility-scale solar farms across vast stretches of open land. However, this approach has not been without controversy. In many rural regions, massive solar installations have disrupted fragile desert ecosystems and farmland. "Joshua trees are torn down to make way for solar projects," lament critics. As piles of bulldozed trees attest, projects have caused an uproar by altering plant and animal habitats on a large scale. Agriculture advocates also argue valuable farmland is being lost. Looking ahead, finding suitable land to build solar at the necessary scale remains a challenge. According to studies, over half of utility-scale solar facilities already utilize deserts. Another third occupy croplands, with the remaining facilities situated in grasslands and forests. Urban areas, accounting for just 2.5% of installations thus far, represent an untapped resource. Photovoltaics researcher Joshua Pearce has studied solar power for two decades. He believes parking lots could help address solar's land problem, if covered with canopies of solar panels. "There is an awful lot of parking lot space in the United States that we can take advantage of that's already essentially unused," notes Pearce. "It's wasted space except for parking underneath it. And it's not even used most of the time."Many US cities were designed decades ago prioritizing cars over other modes of transportation. As a result, parking lots cover over 5% of developed urban land nationwide. Repurposing these concrete jungles could generate significant solar capacity without disturbing natural habitats or farmland. France is already embracing this model. A 2023 policy will require outdoor parking lots with over 80 spaces to cover at least half their surface with solar panels. Officials estimate this could add the equivalent power of ten nuclear plants worth of solar. Most importantly, parking lot solar utilizes cleared space close to existing infrastructure and customers. The benefits don't stop at energy generation. Canopies provide valuable shade for overheating vehicles while covering from snow. On hot days, shaded asphalt could even help combat urban heat islands. However, significant obstacles remain for parking lot solar to take off in the US. Chiefly, canopies are much more expensive - 50% to 100% pricier - than ground-mounted farms. Their elevated design requires extra structural support and anchoring to withstand high winds. For companies to recoup this higher upfront investment, strong policies and electricity pricing are needed. To better understand solar canopies' economic potential, Pearce co-authored a 2017 study using Walmart Supercenters as a model. Surprisingly, the researchers found canopies could turn a profit even in lower sun areas like Michigan through selling power to the grid. At Walmart stores nationwide, canopy capacity was estimated at a massive 11.1 gigawatts - comparable to France's parking lot goal. Pairing canopies with rooftop panels at each location would likely generate more than enough electricity to power operations. Stores could also sell excess power to the local utility or act as anchors for community microgrids during outages. While canopies may not be practical everywhere, Pearce's work demonstrates their viability as renewable investments in the right high-flux, high-traffic locations. If more US companies and policymakers embrace the concept, parking lots represent untapped potential to meaningfully advance the nation's clean energy transition. By putting underused urban spaces to work generating hometown power, solar canopies offer a win-win approach balancing climate, economic and community needs. As the landscape of solar development continues evolving, parking lot installations deserve stronger consideration. With conscious planning, they could help address criticisms of sprawling desert and farm projects while bringing solar's benefits closer to the nearly 80% of Americans living in urban areas. By leveraging existing infrastructure in our cities, canopy solar points the way towards a renewable future defining new purpose in overlooked asphalt wastelands.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Earth
The Tragic Life and Death of Princess Diana
Princess Diana had a profound impact on the world in her short 36 years. From her fairy tale beginning as a young bride to painful end, her life was filled with love, heartbreak, and tragedy. Let us reflect on the many turns Diana's journey took. Diana was born in Sandringham, England in 1961 to an aristocratic family. As a young girl, she grew up alongside the royal brothers Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. Though raised to be a proper lady, Diana would later push boundaries through her compassionate work. In 1977 at the age of 16, she first met Prince Charles at Althorp estate and their relationship blossomed. On February 24, 1981, Lady Diana Spencer married Prince Charles at St. Paul's Cathedral in a ceremony viewed by over 700 million people worldwide. While initially popular, it did not take long for cracks to emerge in the royal couple's marriage. Charles remained committed to his former flame Camilla Parker Bowles. Diana's bulimia and depression only worsened due to Charles' infidelity and the pressures of royal life. By 1986, Charles' affair with Camilla was common knowledge, further destroying Diana's mental wellbeing. Seeking to defend herself, Diana began sharing private details of her troubled marriage with Andrew Morton for his 1992 biography. This gave the public unprecedented insight into Diana's suffering. Her candor and compassion only bolstered her popularity among citizens. In December 1992, Prime Minister John Major formally announced the separation of Diana and Charles. Their divorce was finalized in August 1996 after 15 unhappy years of marriage. Diana was stripped of her HRH title yet found freedom. She dedicated herself fully to her charities, especially those helping HIV/AIDS patients and victims of landmines. On November 20, 1995, Diana gave her bombshell television interview where she confessed to her own affair. She admitted feeling "deeply let down" by the royal establishment and expressed doubts over Charles' ability to be king. While controversial, it showed Diana's resilience and willingness to speak her truth. In the summer of 1997, Diana had begun a new romance with Egyptian film producer Dodi Fayed, son of billionaire Mohamed Al-Fayed. On August 30th, they arrived in Paris for a holiday where their every move was stalked by aggressive paparazzi. In the early hours of August 31st, their driver Henri Paul took the couple away from the Ritz Hotel in a Mercedes to evade photographers. However, Paul was three times over the legal alcohol limit. At 12:23 am, as they sped away from the pursuing paparazzi motorcycles, Paul lost control of the car while entering the Alma Tunnel. He slammed into aconcrete pillar at over 60 mph. Diana, Dodi and Paul were killed instantly while bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones survived with serious injuries. The couple had merely celebrated Diana's 36th birthday weeks before. Diana was rushed unconscious to Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital in critical condition. Doctors worked tirelessly for two hours but were unable to revive her due to massive internal bleeding. She succumbed to her injuries at 4:00 am, with the world learning of her death just hours later. Billions mourned the loss of the People's Princess who had such a profound empathy for those suffering around the world. In the aftermath, it was discovered Paul was drunk yet questions still lingered due to Diana and Dodi's high-profile relationship. Mohamed Al-Fayed accused the royal establishment of orchestrating Diana's death, claiming she was pregnant with Dodi's child. Lengthy investigations in both France and Britain found no evidence of foul play, ruling the crash resulted from Paul's negligent driving while intoxicated from alcohol combined with prescription drugs. Still, conspiracy theories persisted. After a jury inquest from 2007-2008 scrutinized over 250 witnesses, the panel concluded the crash was a tragic accident. While absolving royals of involvement, it criticized the reckless chasing by paparazzi that catalyzed the fatal events that night in Paris. Diana's legacy as the People's Princess lives on over two decades later through the good works of her sons Prince William and Prince Harry in her memory. Though her life was cut short, Diana left an indelible mark and remains one of the most cherished figures of the 20th century.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in History
Testosterone - The Hormone That Makes Men, Men
Testosterone is often referred to as the "male hormone" as it plays a key role in masculine characteristics and traits. Produced primarily in the testes of males and to a lesser extent in females' ovaries, testosterone levels significantly impact physical and behavioral characteristics. In this article, we will explore testosterone in more depth - what it is, how it affects the body and behaviour, interesting research findings about its relationship to various factors, as well as some myths and facts. What is Testosterone? Testosterone is an androgen, or male sex hormone. It is an anabolic steroid hormone that plays critical roles in the body. Some key points about testosterone: It is produced mainly in the testes of males and ovaries of females, with males producing significantly higher amounts than females. Production ramps up during puberty when it supports the development of secondary sex characteristics like increase in muscle and bone mass, facial/body hair growth, and sex organ maturation. In adult males, it supports symptoms maintenance of these characteristics as well as libido, sperm production, fat distribution and red blood cell production. Levels peak in early adulthood between ages 20-30 then gradually decline with age at a rate of 1% each year past 30. Too high or low levels can impact physical and mental health, with low levels (hypogonadism) associated with conditions like osteoporosis, depression and metabolic syndrome. Some key ways testosterone affects the male body and behaviour include: Increased muscle/bone mass. Higher levels support building muscle mass and denser bone structure. Redistribution of body fat. Testosterone causes fat to accumulate more in the abdomen rather than hips/thighs commonly seen in females. Secondary sex characteristics. Facial/body hair growth, deeper voice and Adam's apple development stem from testosterone effects during puberty. Libido and sexual function. Testosterone supports libido as well as erections and prostate functionality. Low levels are linked to lowered sex drive. Dominance and competitiveness. Higher levels may increase dominance behaviors and competitiveness as evidenced by research studies. Mood. Low testosterone has been linked to depression, irritability and other mood issues in some studies. Cognitive abilities. Some research links higher levels to improved spatial skills and memory in certain tasks. Research over decades has uncovered various unique relationships between testosterone levels and other factors: Money/risk taking. Studies found traders with naturally higher morning levels tend to make more profitable trades due to willingness to take risks. Aggression levels. Research links short-term testosterone increases to feelings of dominance and aggression, but other factors also contribute to violent behaviours. Facial features. Higher levels are correlated to more masculine facial traits like a square jaw and forehead. Athletics. Both long-distance runners and weightlifters can experience short-term testosterone decreases during intense training phases. Status/competition. Levels may rise in response to challenges or threats as an adaptive response in various species including humans. Relationships. Studies found levels lower in committed, partnered men compared to single men and higher in competitive versus cooperative interactions. Career choices. Research using MBA students found testosterone and risk tolerance predicted choosing finance careers seen as higher risk. While much research has provided valuable insights, some myths persist that are dispelled by scientific evidence: Myth: High levels automatically make men "alpha males." In reality, very high levels can indicate health issues needing medical attention. Myth: It determines overall aggression levels. Many interacting biological and sociological factors contribute to violence or anger issues. Myth: Oral supplements effectively boost aging men's health and vigor. Studies found limited real benefits and possible metabolic issues in some cases instead. Fact: Moderate amounts through healthy lifestyle habits like exercise and diet are not inherently bad and may provide benefits when optimised normally through natural production. Fact: Levels fluctuate throughout the day and in response to various stimuli or threats based on an evolutionary adaptation, not a fixed state. In closing, testosterone plays an undeniably important role in establishing and maintaining masculine characteristics throughout a man's life. However, its effects are complex with intertwining physical, behavioral and social impacts that also depend on various interacting internal and external factors. With more research ahead, its wide-ranging influence on the human body and mind continues providing fascinating insight into our physiology and behavior.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Men
The Rise of the UFO Phenomenon 🛸
For decades, Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) were considered a subject relegated to fringe groups and conspiracy theorists. However, in recent years governments and militaries around the world have been forced to acknowledge a disturbing pattern of credible eyewitness sightings and encounters with aircraft that defy explanation. What were once seen as isolated incidents seem to point to a broader phenomenon demanding serious investigation. Through declassified records and testimony from credible observers like military pilots, a picture is emerging of encounters with objects displaying technologies far beyond any known human capabilities. One such case comes from Iran in 2012, when radar detected unknown objects approaching a nuclear site. An aging F-14 fighter was scrambled to investigate, but shortly after takeoff it mysteriously exploded in mid-air, killing the crew. An official inquiry could find no cause, yet the Iranians described the unknown radar contacts as exhibiting "astonishing flight characteristics," including Mach 10 cruise speeds, ability to hover and stop instantly, and powerful electromagnetic jamming of radars and navigation systems. Remarkably, these characteristics align with reports from the U.S. of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs). The incident prompted Iran to reach out to American authorities for assistance, a highly unusual move for two geopolitical foes, underscoring their level of concern over the safety implications. Instances like this forced governments worldwide to acknowledge the potential threats posed by UAPs. Even powerful militaries like the U.S. realized certain encounters involved advanced technologies beyond any known human or foreign adversary. A well-documented 2004 incident saw an Iranian F-14 pursue a spherical UFO emitting a green afterburner over an nuclear site. Despite missile locking attempts, the object accelerated impossibly fast. Earlier in 1976, two Iranian F-4 Phantoms chasing a massive luminous disk also had their electronics and weapons fail as they closed in. Pilot accounts of speed, acceleration and electromagnetic effects matched what Navy pilots would later report. Indeed, the U.S. military holds numerous classified reports of alarming encounters. In 2008, the USS Blue Ridge, flagship of the 7th Fleet, seemingly had a massive object hover over it during a typhoon, shielding it from rain while baffling radar. That same year, the Nimitz carrier strike group famously tracked rapidly accelerating UAPs on video that left pilots "pretty weirded out." More troubling was the loss of an F-89 fighter in 1956 after merging radars with an unknown over Lake Superior. The jet vanished without a trace despite an extensive search, and the Air Force provided conflicting and untrue explanations that suggested a cover up. Closer examination reveals inconsistencies in official narratives downplaying such events. The 1976 Iranian F-4s reported electromagnetic interference on their radars and weapons, matching later UAP encounters. Canada denied claims its planes were near the 1956 F-89 loss. And questions remain as to why the Blue Ridge logs contradict the details of its supposed 2008 encounter. As with the Iranians, extraordinary claims of aerospace capabilities demand extraordinary evidence to debunk them. The trends seen across militaries indicate there are indeed physical objects operating in our airspace and seas that present safety and national security issues. With secrecy comes speculation, yet key eyewitnesses have provided credible testimony. A naval commander recounted futuristic UAPs disabling nuclear missiles from his 1965 base in the UK. An airline captain saw a mile-wide disc follow his passenger jet over Alaska while ground radar corroborated. Two commercial pilots had transoceanic airliners "buzzed" at 25,000 feet by a large unidentified cylindrical object with portholes on the same night in 1978. Similar unknowns were tracked on ground and airborne radar near Tehran’s airport. As technology improves, more incidents are becoming digitally documented. The Nimitz video captured weaponized excitement among seasoned pilots at operating speeds and radar capabilities impossible with known aircraft. Another video from Brazil shows disc-shaped objects silently hovering over water before accelerating beyond potential human origins. Such evidence and eyewitness reliability increases public interest in and acceptance of the UAP reality. So where do we go from here? Some researchers argue extraterrestrial hypotheses offer the best explanation for observed aerospace capabilities. Others suggest undiscovered natural or manmade phenomena, or potential national security concerns if enemies possess hyper-advanced technology. Whatever the case, the implications of highly advanced objects intruding at will into restricted military areas and disabling critical systems cannot be ignored or dismissed without proper investigation. As threats increase, a new bipartisan focus has emerged in governments to analyze available data and tracks future incidents transparently. Progressive steps are rightly aimed at safeguarding national interests through data-driven rigor instead of past knee-jerk denials. The future holds both risks and opportunities; with discernment and cooperation between agencies worldwide, answers may at last emerge on the true nature and intent behind the rise in extraordinary encounters with unknown aerial objects witnessed by citizens, military members and pilots across the globe.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in History
From the Trenches: A Glimpse into the Front Lines of Ukraine's War 🪖
The loud crack of gunfire echoed across the frozen marshland as another salvo of enemy artillery shells rained down. Stefan flinched involuntarily as dirt and debris rained down on his position in the trench. He had long since grown accustomed to the near-constant bombardment, but the adrenaline surge was hard to suppress completely after so many months under fire. Peering cautiously over the berm, he watched columns of smoke rise from the impacts slowly dissipating in the frigid air. Another day, another barrage from the Russian guns positioned just out of effective range. It had been this way for over a week as the shelling intensified in frequency and precision. Stefan and his comrades could do little but hunker down and wait for breaks in the fire to see to repairs of their fortifications. Morale was beginning to fray under the relentless pounding. Few escaped completely unscathed, either physically or mentally. A welcome distraction arrived as two soldiers scrambled into the trench carrying an assortment of equipment. Stefan recognized them as drone operators, a crucial asset in the modern battlespace. One proudly showed off his custom-built "Falcon" drone, demonstrating its incredible speed and maneuverability by engaging and destroying an enemy surveillance drone. Meanwhile, the second operator skillfully guided armed drones to drop grenades directly onto Russian positions with alarming accuracy. Drones had transformed warfare, allowing both sides to scope out and bombard the other from a safe distance. While saving lives, it added a cruel psychological component as men were picked off in full view of comrades unable to offer aid. Stefan found it a brutal yet efficient method of warfare. With the drones disruptimg Russian reconnaissance efforts, their counter-battery fire became less accurate over the following days. Reinforcements soon arrived in the form of combat engineers. Their dangerous mission was to breach minefields and fortifications under fire in order to enable infantry assaults. Stefan knew this likely foreshadowed imminent attacking orders as opportunities emerged through the lessening shelling and disrupted enemy positions. In the coming days, precision rocket strikes silenced Russian artillery once and for all. Guided by counter-battery radar, High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) trucks launched swarms of missiles to obliterate gun emplacements. With their main indirect fire support eliminated, the enemy assault failed to materialize as anticipated. A rare window of opportunity opened up. Under the engineers' preparation, Stefan's unit infiltrated across no man's land under cover of darkness. Emerging amidst the wreckage of earthworks pummeled by Ukrainian shellfire, furious close quarters combat ensued. Hard fighting raged throughout the night as the defenders were steadily pushed back. By morning light, the tattered remnants fled in retreat. Victorious yet exhausted, Stefan and his comrades wasted no time entrenching in the captured terrain. Scouts reported the Russians scrambling to form new defensive lines further back. Both sides now eyed each other warily from opposite sides of the newly placed minefields and barbed wire stretching as far as the eye could see. A lull settled over the static front as winter's full fury set in. Icy winds howled across the desolate countryside, matched only by the omnipresent sounds of shells periodically crisscrossing the bleak terrain. One day blurred into the next amid endless boredom punctuated by the occasional brief flurry of fighting. It was during this relative calm that Stefan had opportunity to reflect more on their unlikely American ally. "Levi" as they called him contributed invaluable experience operating cutting edge weaponry like Javelin anti-tank missiles. But it left Stefan wondering why any foreigner would abandon a comfortable American life to fight in this miserable mud and blood-soaked conflict. Levi remained tight-lipped about his past, but carried himself with a battle-hardened intensity beyond his years of service. Some sense he actively courted danger, almost as if chasing his own demise. But Stefan could not deny his proven ferocity and skill were assets in their desperate struggle for survival. Supply issues also flared as winter gripped the land, forcing strict rationing. But American MREs provided needed calories and sustenance, boosting morale along with Ukrainian camaraderie and resilience of spirit. Through it all, Levi remained stoically dedicated to the shared cause against oppression. By January, the campaign season drew to a close until the lingering frost melted away. But tensions remained high, knowing Russia was licking its wounds while conspiring renewed offensives. Intelligence warned of new mobilization and equipping efforts to replenish frontline formations battered by months of grinding combat attrition. As spring's tentative signs emerged, so too did portents of an impending storm. Rumblings grew along the front of massive Russian artillery bombardments and armored thrusts materializing elsewhere. Stefan braced himself once more for the trials ahead, taking solace in fellowship and faith their defensive preparations could weather whatever was coming. Beyond the trenches, destiny of nations hung in the balance - victory would not come cheaply.
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Criminal
Exploring the Top Travel Destinations for 2023 🏖️
2023 is shaping up to be an incredible year for travel as countries around the world have finally reopened their borders after several years of pandemic restrictions. With much of the world now accessible once more, travelers are eager to venture to new and exciting destinations. In this article, I will highlight 10 of the top places you should consider adding to your travel wishlist for 2023. From continental Europe to the islands of the South Pacific, these locations offer stunning natural beauty, rich culture, and plenty of adventure. We’ll start in the gorgeous Atlantic archipelago of Madeira, located off the coast of Africa. Often deemed the “Hawaii of Europe,” Madeira boasts breathtaking volcanic scenery perfect for hiking trails along the coast and through dramatic mountains. One of my favorite spots was Punta du Sol beach, where smooth boulders meet the azure water – a stunning place for swimming. But for unmatched panoramic views, one must make the trek to Pico do Arieiro, Madeira’s highest point, where you may even find yourself wandering above the clouds. The hiking trails here are superbly maintained, and rewards you with phenomenal vistas of the island’s colorful rock formations. With amazing beaches and dramatic peaks, Madeira is an ideal starting spot to kick off your travels in 2023. From there, we’ll head north to Western Norway, home to the country’s most magnificent fjords. One of Norway’s most iconic is Geirangerfjord, where cascading waterfalls like the Seven Sisters plunge 410 meters into the deep water below. Another highlight is the historic Skageflå farm situated high on the cliffs – to reach it requires a picturesque ferry and uphill hike, but the fairy tale-like setting and views of the fjord below make it well worth the effort. Just a few hours west is Lake Lovatnet, renowned for its vivid turquoise waters surrounded by dramatic peaks – the entire landscape feels straight out of a postcard. With stunning natural beauty around every turn, Western Norway should be high on your 2023 travel list. Shifting gears, I recommend exploring the diversity of Namibia next. In the massive orange sand dunes of the Namib Desert, you’ll find haunting natural scenes like at Desdvlei Claypan, where centuries-old tree skeletons stand frozen in time. But Namibia has much more to offer - the granite spires of Spitzkoppe rise dramatically from the plains, and Etosha National Park provides opportunities to spot iconic African wildlife like black rhinos. Namibia continues to astonish with its variety of awe-inspiring landscapes. The pristine islands of the Seychelles are the perfect tropical destination. Base yourself on the largest island, Mahé, with its cultural capital of Victoria before venturing by ferry to beach heaven spots. A top highlight is Anse Source d’Argent on La Digue island, consistently ranked amongst the most beautiful beaches in the world. Towering granite boulders sculpt the coastline into an otherworldly paradise worthy of any travel bucket list. Next up is South America’s magnificent Patagonia, spanning Chile and Argentina with dramatic topographies to rival any destination. Torres del Paine National Park in Chile is home to iconic granite towers and abundant wildlife like guanacos and pumas. Over the border in Argentina, Los Glaciares National Park is home to stunning mountain profiles like Fitz Roy massif – the undulating mass of granite spires and glacial lakes creates an utterly picturesque Andean backdrop. With fjords, mountains, and vast wilderness, Patagonia captivates all types of travelers. No trip is complete without a visit to the Emerald Isle itself, Ireland. This magical island nation filled me with wonder on my first trip this past summer. One unforgettable highlight was hiking the 618 steps up to the awe-inspiring Skellig Islands monasteries, which served as Luke Skywalker’s secret hideout in Star Wars. Along the country’s wild western coast, the Cliffs of Moher tower 214 meters above the crashing waves below – a truly iconic spot. With its fairytale landscapes and rich culture, Ireland will steal your heart. The glamour and charm of the French Riviera beckons next. Medieval hilltop villages like Èze transport you back in time along their cobblestone alleys, while Saint-Tropez offers idyllic beaches and a chic atmosphere. But for unparalleled coastal scenery, kayaking into the azure secluded coves near Marseille surrounded by dramatic white cliffs is a standout experience. France continues to dazzle with its perfect blend of culture, cuisine, romance, and natural beauty. Tuscany should be high on every culture-seeker’s travel list, known the world over for its Renaissance hill towns, vineyards, and iconic Renaissance landmarks in Florence. I recommend exploring the picturesque medieval villages like San Gimignano with their impeccably preserved architecture and panoramic vistas. Rolling cypress-lined landscapes in Val d’Orcia provide the quintessential postcard scenes of the Italian countryside. Architectural and artistic wonders await around every corner in Tuscany. New Zealand captures travelers’ imaginations like no other, as evidenced by the global obsession with The Lord of the Rings movies. For adventure and truly dramatic scenery, South Island is the top destination with the mammoth peaks of Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park. Milford Sound on the west coast has been hailed one of the top natural wonders of the world – its steep fjord walls and ever-present waterfalls create a vision straight out of fairytales. New Zealand’s great diversity of natural attractions await exploration in 2023. Our tour concludes in Japan, known as The Land of the Rising Sun. This intriguing island nation has so much to offer from snowy Sapporo to vibrant Tokyo and everything in between. Mount Fuji’s perfectly symmetrical cone near Lake Kawaguchi creates one of Japan’s most iconic images. Ancient shrines, futuristic cities, culinary wonders - it’s no surprise Japan continues to enchant all who visit. As one of the last countries to reopen to tourism, 2023 will be the perfect year to experience Japan’s unique cultural tapestry and natural beauty. In summary, 2023 promises access to some of earth’s most compelling destinations once more after several restricted years. From Portugal’s fairytale islands to New Zealand’s Lord of the Rings landscapes, this lineup of top 10 global destinations features something for every type of traveler – nature lovers, culture seekers, beach bums, or adventure junkies. With countries now open to welcome international travelers again, I highly recommend adding at least one of these stunning locales to your travel wish list next year. Wherever your wanderlust may lead, 2023 is shaping up to be a banner year to start checking destinations off your bucket list once again. Bon voyage!
By Rakindu Perera7 months ago in Humans