Everything You Need to Know About Hair Loss

Hair loss is an issue that affects a significant number of individuals, irrespective of age or gender. While it is more commonly observed in older adults, even children can experience it. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) states that it is normal to lose around 50 to 100 hairs per day. Given the average head contains approximately 100,000 hairs, this minimal loss usually goes unnoticed. However, there are instances when hair loss surpasses the usual limits, and this can be attributed to a variety of factors.

Hair loss can manifest gradually over a span of years or occur suddenly. Its duration can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying cause. Determining whether you are genuinely experiencing hair loss or simply going through a phase of normal shedding can be challenging. If you find yourself uncertain about seeking medical advice, this article aims to provide you with information about hair loss and its management.

Recognizing Hair Loss Symptoms

The primary symptom of alopecia is an excessive amount of hair loss, but identifying it can be more complex than expected. Here are a few symptoms that can offer some insight:

Widening part: When parting your hair, you may begin to notice a widening gap, indicating thinning hair.

Receding hairline: If you observe your hairline appearing higher than usual, it may signify hair thinning.

Increased hair on brushes or combs: After using a brush or comb, take a moment to check if an excessive amount of hair is accumulating. This could be a sign of hair loss.

Bald patches: These patches can vary in size and may expand over time.

Clogged drains: Pay attention to your sink or shower drains. If they frequently get clogged with hair, it could be indicative of hair loss.

Pain or itching: If an underlying skin condition is causing your hair loss, you might experience pain or itchiness on your scalp.

Causes of Hair Loss

Hair loss can stem from various factors, each associated with a specific type of hair loss. These causes can be classified into genetic, internal, or external factors. Let’s explore some of the different types of hair loss and their underlying causes:

Androgenic alopecia: This hereditary condition, commonly referred to as male or female pattern baldness, is the most prevalent cause of hair loss. It affects up to 50% of individuals and typically occurs gradually. While some may experience hair loss during puberty, others might not notice symptoms until middle age.

Alopecia areata: This autoimmune condition triggers the immune system to attack hair follicles, resulting in bald patches of varying sizes. In some cases, it can lead to complete hair loss. Besides the scalp, alopecia areata can affect eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body areas.

Anagen effluvium: This form of rapid hair loss is often a consequence of radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Hair typically regrows once the treatment is completed.

Telogen effluvium: Sudden hair loss caused by emotional or physical shock, such as a traumatic event, extreme stress, or severe illness. Hormonal changes related to childbirth, postpartum, menopause, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can also trigger telogen effluvium. It can resolve on its own once the underlying cause is addressed.

Tinea capitis: Also known as ringworm of the scalp, this fungal infection affects the scalp and hair shaft, resulting in small, scaly, and itchy bald patches. Without early treatment, the patches can grow larger and become filled with pus, potentially causing scarring.

Traction alopecia: Excessive tension and pressure on the hair, often due to tightly pulled hairstyles like braids, ponytails, or buns, can lead to traction alopecia.

Diagnosing Hair Loss

Given the multifaceted nature of hair loss, it is advisable to consult a medical professional if you notice any changes in your hair. During the diagnosis process, the healthcare provider will likely take into account your medical history, recent illnesses or surgeries, life stressors, and family history. A physical examination will also be conducted to aid in identifying potential causes.

If an autoimmune or skin condition is suspected, a biopsy of the scalp skin may be performed to examine small sections of skin under laboratory conditions. It’s important to acknowledge that determining the exact cause of hair loss can be complex, and multiple tests may be required.

Blood tests might be ordered to check for nutrient deficiencies or signs of underlying conditions.

Treatment Options for Hair Loss

The appropriate treatment for hair loss depends on the underlying cause. Generally, topical or oral medications are used as the initial course of action for the most common types of hair loss.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications often come in the form of topical creams, gels, solutions, or foams applied directly to the scalp. These products typically contain minoxidil, a common ingredient.

Prescription medications like finasteride (Propecia) can help prevent further hair loss in cases of androgenetic alopecia, especially male pattern baldness. Daily intake of this medication may slow down hair loss and, in some instances, stimulate new hair growth.

In the case of hair loss associated with autoimmune conditions, clinicians may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications such as corticosteroids.

Emerging treatments, including laser therapy, microneedling with PRP, and oral medications, are being explored. However, it is important to note that many of these treatments are still in the early stages of testing, and further research is required.

Hair transplant surgery is another option. This procedure involves relocating small sections of skin, each containing a few hairs, to areas with hair loss. It is particularly effective for individuals with hereditary baldness, predominantly occurring on the top of the head. Since hair loss can be progressive, multiple procedures may be necessary over time. It’s worth mentioning that this method is unlikely to benefit individuals with scarring alopecias.

Preventing Hair Loss

While it may not be possible to entirely prevent hair loss, there are steps you can take to minimize it:

Opt for loose hairstyles: If you frequently style your hair in braids, buns, or ponytails, try to keep them loose to avoid excessive pressure on your hair.

Avoid excessive hair manipulation: Minimize pulling, twisting, or rubbing your hair as much as possible.

Gentle hair drying: After washing your hair, use a towel to pat it dry gently. Avoid rubbing or twisting the towel against your hair.

Maintain a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: Incorporate foods rich in iron and protein into your meals and snacks.

Styling products and tools can also contribute to hair loss. Examples include blow dryers, heated combs, hair straighteners, coloring products, bleaching agents, perms, and relaxers. If you choose to use heated styling tools, ensure your hair is dry and use the lowest heat settings possible.

If you are currently experiencing hair loss, consider using a gentle baby shampoo while washing your hair. Unless you have excessively oily hair, it may be beneficial to limit hair washing to every other day or less.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you notice unexplained hair loss, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. They can determine the underlying cause and recommend the most suitable course of treatment. During the appointment, be sure to mention any other unusual symptoms you may have noticed, such as fatigue, unexplained weight loss, fever, changes in bowel movements, rashes, or skin changes on the scalp or body, recent surgeries or medical procedures, changes in diet and nutrition, or any new immunizations or medications. Providing details about the speed at which hair loss has occurred and any family history of baldness can also assist in the diagnosis.

If you need assistance finding a primary care doctor, you can use our FindCare tool for guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions About Hair Loss

Which vitamin can help with hair loss? The relationship between nutrition and hair loss is complex and can be somewhat controversial. While proper nutrition and specific nutrients are essential for healthy hair growth, increasing your intake of these nutrients may not necessarily prevent or treat hair loss, especially in cases of scarring alopecia or cicatricial alopecia. However, incorporating the following vitamins into your diet may promote hair growth: B vitamins (riboflavin, biotin, folate, and vitamin B12), iron, vitamin C, and vitamin D. It’s important to note that excessive intake of vitamin A or selenium has been linked to an increased risk of hair loss.

What illnesses cause hair loss? Certain illnesses are associated with an increased risk of hair loss, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), scalp psoriasis, sexually transmitted infections like syphilis, and thyroid disease. Additionally, hair loss can be a side effect of certain medications, especially chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment.

Is it possible to stop hair loss permanently? The possibility of permanently stopping hair loss depends on the underlying cause. As a general rule, the earlier the treatment is initiated, the greater the likelihood of slowing down or reversing hair loss. However, some causes of hair loss cannot be reversed, such as damage to hair follicles from tight hairstyles or chemical damage, as well as certain autoimmune conditions.

In conclusion, whether you are experiencing hair loss or any changes in your hair, seeking medical attention from a primary care doctor or dermatologist is crucial for identifying the underlying causes and determining the appropriate treatment. Early intervention increases the chances of successful treatment, which may involve changes in hair care routines, dietary improvements, or medical interventions. Even in cases of hereditary hair loss, there are available treatments that can help slow down or reverse the process. Consulting with a healthcare professional will provide the necessary guidance and help rule out any significant underlying medical concerns related to hair loss.

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