The Human Condition

The word physiology is inferred from two Greek words namely Physios which implies nature and Lugia which means to study therefore physiology can actually be characterized as a study of nature in more particular and appropriate terms physiology can be characterized as a department of Biology that deals with the typical capacities of living things as well as the chemical and physical mechanisms behind these functions for example, the major work of the digestive system is to guarantee nutrition. The physiology of assimilation clarifies how food gets into the body and the different processes by which distinctive nourishment sorts are broken down for retention and utilization as well as the forms included in the ejection of thicker matter. Another example of the major work of the hereditary system is to guarantee production and the physiology of the production explains how sex comes about in fertilization and how the fertilized egg divides grows and separates to create a viable neonate at birth. It can therefore be said that physiology uncovers the mysteries behind the complicated working of living things ranging from the littlest infections to the biggest trees and the foremost complicated humans. The consideration of physiology dates back to about 420 the time of Hippocrates the Greek rationalist, and celebrated father of medicine who in an endeavour to clarify how the human body functions coined the theory of haemorrhaging stating that the body comprises four fluids. These liquids were believed to exist at different temperatures; each of which was composed of one of the four fundamental elements air, fire, heat and water. An adjustment within the volume of this liquid was fundamental for one to be healthy.

Galen was a Greek physician surgeon and philosopher. He was fundamentally an advocate of the theory of haemorrhaging and is alluded to as a founder of experimental physiology and is accepted to have been the primary to use test prove to explain physiological processes. Kalin sees the body as comprising three associated systems. The brain and nerves are responsible for sensation and thoughts, and the heart for energy.

Lastly, the liver and veins are responsible for nutrition and growth. He also added the idea of temperament which considered awkwardness within the four bodily fluids to be the physiological premise for differences in personality for example he accepted that excess of Yelubai was dependable for the choleric temperament expressed as intemperate energy.

Aggressiveness and brief temper in contrast was capable of the melancholic temperament characterized by bipolar personality, quietness and periods of depression. The abundance of fire would result in a phlegmatic temperament characterized by astuteness. Calmness and laziness lastly excess blood were mindful of the solar wind temperament expressed as joy positive thinking and talkativeness galenic hypotheses were substantial for the next 1400 years up to the 16th century.

Jean Fennell a French Doctor from the 16th century introduced the term physiology to describe the ponder of body functions. William Harvey an English physician who lived between the 16th and 17th Centuries is known as the originator of modern experimental physiology he was the first known Doctor to describe systemic circulation completely and in detail. A nitty gritty understanding of systemic circulation brought to a conclusion the validity of the hypothesis of the total body fluids and stamped the starting of modern physiology. The French physiologist Claude Bernard who lived in the 19th century is known as the father of present-day physiology. among other works he found the concept of the internet environment explaining that bodywork requires a stable inside environment in a show of disdain toward an energetic external environment. This concept gave the basis for the current understanding of the concept of Homeostasis. The physiological society was established in London in the year 1876 as a Feasting club. The American physiological society is a non-profit organization devoted to helping educate scientific investigation and the spread of information within the field of physiology was established in 1887. Several revelations were made in the field of physiology between the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of which include the show of conditioned reflex in Canines by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, the improvement of the cell hypothesis by Matthias Clayden and Theodosius the discovery of the ionic instrument of nerve drive transmission by Andrew Huxley and Alain Hodgkin in the year 1952 as well as the discovery of the sliding filament in the Skeleton. Due to headway in knowledge and technology over time, the thinking of physiology has evolved from speculative hypotheses in ancient days to progressed research facility procedures in modern days such as atomic imaging which empowers the visualization of physiological forms taking place at cellular and subcellular levels in intact subjects including Human and Animal physiology examines the life-supporting forms. In animals, examples of such forms include feeding, blood circulation, breathing and courtship etc. Plant physiology a sub-discipline of botany bargains with the working of plants explaining concepts such as photosynthesis, tropism and transpiration etc. Eco-physiology also known as natural physiology studies the reactions of an organism's normal working to changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity pressure. Comparative physiology examines the diversity in useful characteristics of living things for example how the method of respiration differs between fishes and birds or how the process of digestion differs between winged creatures and Reptiles. Evolutionary physiology explores how the useful highlights of organisms develop and broaden from older worlds; for example, how the utilitarian forms in humans have evolved from those of apes, human physiology a department of interest explains the instruments that keep the human body lively and functioning including life-supporting forms such as nutrition, respiration, excretion and reproduction etc. The organization of the human body attempts to reply to the question of what is the human body made up of. The human body essentially comprises indivisible building blocks known as atoms that combine to create molecules. A collection of particles form organelles which work to guarantee and maintain life at the cellular level a combination of organelles shapes the cell why a collection of cells performing a function is known as a tissue. Tissues combine to create organs a collection of organs performing a given work is known as an organ system a combination of organ frameworks frames a whole human body such as ears and mind the atom is the slightest level of body organization structurally each molecule comprises protons and neutrons within the nucleus as well as rotating electrons in the orbits. The body comprises particles of elements such as hydrogen oxygen carbon nitrogen and a combination of atoms linked together by chemical bonds to form a molecule. Molecules can be formed from iotas of the same or different elements. Oxygen water and glucose for example are atoms found within the body each of which comprises of different atoms. Various particles combine to form organelles such as core mitochondria ribosomes cell layer. The cell layer for occurrence majorly consists of molecules of protein carbohydrates and fat. The core on the other hand consists of atoms of nucleic acids and proteins. The cell may be a basic and functional unit of life composed.