NIKOLA TESLA

Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist. Today, he is best known for his contributions to the alternating current (AC) electrical supply system and engineering.

Born and raised in the Austrian Empire, Tesla received an advanced education in engineering and physics in the 1870s and gained hands-on experience in the early 1880s while working in telephony and the new electric power industry under Continental Edison. In 1884 he emigrated to the United States, where he became a citizen. He worked at Edison Machine Works before briefly making his own way in New York. For his partners to fund and market their ideas, Tesla set up laboratories and companies in New York to develop various electrical and mechanical devices. His alternating current (AC) induction motor and related polyphase AC patents licensed by Westinghouse Electric in 1888 earned him substantial money and became the cornerstone of the polyphase system the company would market.

Trying to develop inventions that he could patent and market, Tesla experimented with mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless-controlled boat, one of the first to be exhibited. Known as an inventor, Tesla demonstrated his achievements to celebrities and wealthy clients in his lab, and was noted for his showmanship at public conferences. He also often dined at Delmonicos. Throughout the 1890s, he continued his ideas for wireless lighting and worldwide wireless electrical power distribution in high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs. In 1893, he made statements about the possibility of wireless communication with his devices. Tesla tried to put these ideas to practical use in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project, an intercontinental wireless communications and power transmitter, but he ran out of money before completing it.

After Wardenclyffe, Tesla worked with a series of inventions in the 1910s and 1920s with varying degrees of success. Having spent most of his money, Tesla lived in many hotels in New York and left behind unpaid bills. He died in New York in January 1943. Tesla's work fell into relative obscurity until after his death in the 1960s, at the General Conference on Weights and Measures, the SI unit of magnetic flux density was called the tesla. This situation led to the re-emergence of interest in Tesla since the 1990s.

Nikola Tesla, July 10 [E.U. 28 June] He was born in 1856 in Smiljan town of Lika county in Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia) with Serbian origin. His father, Milutin Tesla (1819-1879), was an Eastern Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, Đuka Tesla (née Mandić; 1822-1892), whose father was also an Orthodox priest, was skilled at making craft and mechanical tools at home. He had the ability to memorize Serbian epic poems. Đuka received no formal training. Tesla thought that he got his photographic memory and creative abilities from his mother's genetics and was influenced by him. Tesla's ancestors came from western Serbia, near Montenegro.

Tesla was the fourth of five children. He had three sisters named Milka, Angelina, and Marica, and an older brother named Dane. Tesla was five years old when Dane died from a horseback riding accident. In 1861, Tesla attended primary school in Smiljan. He studied German, arithmetic and religion there. In 1862, Tesla's family moved to Lika, Gospić, where Tesla's father worked as a parish priest. After completing primary school, Nikola started secondary school. In 1870 he moved north of Karlovac to attend high school at the Higher Real Gymnasium.Classes were in German as the school was on the Austro-Hungarian military border

Tesla would later write that he became interested in electrical demonstrations thanks to his physics professor.[27] Tesla stated that he wanted to "know more of this wonderful force" with these demonstrations of "mysterious events".[28] When Tesla was able to calculate integrals in his head, his teachers believed he was cheating.[29] He completed his four-year education in three years and graduated in 1873.[30]

In 1873, Tesla returned to Smiljan. Shortly after his return, he contracted cholera. Nine months fell on the beds

and came back from the dead many times. In a moment of despair, Tesla's father, who wanted him to become a priest from the beginning,[31] promised to send his son to the best engineering school when he recovered from the disease.

In 1874, Tesla avoided conscription into the Austro-Hungarian army by fleeing to Tomingaj in Smiljan, near Gračac, southeast of Lika.[32] There he explored the mountains, wearing a hunting suit. Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger both physically and mentally.[24] While in Tomingaj, he read many books and later said that the works of Mark Twain provided a miraculous recovery from his previous illness.[25]

In 1875 he entered the Austrian Polytechnic, a military frontier school in Graz, Austria. Tesla never missed a lesson in his first year. He passed nine exams (almost twice the required[33]), earning the highest possible grades.[24][25] He started a Serbian cultural club,[24] and even a letter of praise was sent from the dean of the technical faculty to his father saying, "Your son is the star of the first degree."[33] In his second year, Tesla got into an argument with Professor Poeschl over the gramme dynamo when he suggested that commutators were not necessary.

Tesla said it works from 03.00 to 23.00, except on Sundays and holidays. After his father's death in 1879, Tesla found a packet of letters from his professor to his father. There were warnings in the letter that Tesla would die over hard work unless he was expelled from school. At the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to gambling.] In his third year, he gambled with his allowance and tuition money. He then gambled back his initial losses and returned the money to his family. Tesla said he "conquered his passion there then," but was later known to play pool again in the United States. When exam time came, Tesla was unprepared and asked for an extension to study, but was denied. He failed to get grades in the last semester of his third year and never graduated from university.

In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and broke off all relations with his family to hide the fact that he had dropped out of school. His friends thought he had drowned near the Peloponnese Tesla moved to Maribor and worked there as a draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his free time playing games with the local people on the streets.

In March 1879, Tesla's father came to Maribor and begged his son to return home, but he refused. Nikola also suffered a nervous breakdown. On March 24, 1879, Tesla was extradited to Gospić, accompanied by police officers, as he did not have a residence permit.

On April 17, 1879, Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60 after contracting an unknown disease According to some sources, he died of a heart attack. That year, Tesla taught a large class of students at his old school in Gospić.

In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles raised enough money so that he could study in Prague. He enrolled at Charles-Ferdinand University very late and had never studied Greek, a compulsory subject. He could not read or write Czech, another compulsory subject. Tesla attended philosophy classes as an auditor at the university, but could not get grades for the classes.

Working on the Budapest Telephone Exchange

Tesla moved to Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary in 1881. He worked under Tivadar Puskás at a telegraph company called the Budapest Telephone Exchange. Shortly after starting work, Tesla realized that this company under construction was not functional. So he worked as a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office. Within a few months, the company was operational and Tesla was appointed chief electrician.During his job, Tesla made many improvements to Central Station equipment and said he had developed a telephone repeater or amplifier that was never patented or made public.

Working with Edison

In 1882, Tivadar Puskás gave Tesla another job at the Continental Edison Company in Paris.[38] Tesla started working in a brand new industry at the time and built an incandescent lighting plant in the form of a power plant throughout the city. The company had several divisions, and Tesla worked at Société Electrique Edison, responsible for installing the lighting system in the Paris suburb of Ivry-sur-Seine. There he gained a lot of practical experience in the field of electrical engineering. He recognized his advanced knowledge of management, engineering, and physics, and soon had dynamo motors and advanced versions of their engines designed and built.[39] They also sent him back to fix engineering problems at other Edison plants built in France and Germany.

Moving To America

In 1884, Edison manager Charles Batchelor, who oversaw the Paris installation, was brought back to the United States to run Edison Machine Works, a manufacturing division in New York. Batchelor wanted Tesla to be brought to the USA as well.[41] Tesla immigrated to the United States in June 1884.[42] Almost immediately, he started working at Machine Works in Manhattan's Lower East Side. Machine Works; [43] As in Paris, Tesla was working on troubleshooting the facilities and developing generators.[44] Historian W. Bernard Carlson stated that Tesla may have met with the company's founder, Thomas Edison, several times.[43] One of these times, according to Tesla's autobiography, Tesla ran into Edison, who said that after repairing damaged dynamos on the ocean liner SS Oregon all night, Batchelor and the "Parisians" stayed out all night. After Tesla told them he had been working all night fixing up Oregon, Edison told Batchelor that Tesla was a "damn good guy."[40] One of the projects given to Tesla was to develop an arc lamp street lighting system. Although arc lighting was the most popular type of street lighting, it required high voltage and was incompatible with Edison's low voltage incandescent system. This caused the company to lose contracts in cities that wanted street lighting. Tesla's designs were never put into production, possibly due to technical developments in incandescent street lighting or an assembly deal that Edison cut with an arc lighting company.

When Tesla left Machine Works, he had worked there for a total of six months.[43] It was unclear what event precipitated his departure from the company. He could have left because of a payment he didn't get to redesign the generator or for a rack-spread arc lighting system.[45] Tesla had not received the payments he believed he deserved from the Edison company before.[48][49] Later in his biography, Tesla stated that the Edison Machine Works manager told him he would pay him $50,000 to design "twenty-four different types of standard machines," but was later replied that "it was a joke."[50] According to later sources, Thomas Edison made this offer, but later told Tesla that he "did not understand American humor".[51][52] The amount of the payment, which was said to be made by both sources, was said to be odd since the company did not have that much cash (equivalent to $12 million today).[53][54][55] In the notes he wrote in two pages of Tesla's diary, dated December 7, 1884, and January 4, 1885, saying "good for Edison Machine Works", he contained only a commentary on what happened at the end of his work.[56][46]