The essence of the spread of the four seas, new ideas to send five continents

(I)

"Freud the Essayist and His Brainwashed Fans

Freud was often referred to as an "essayist" by his contemporaries because he relied mainly on stories rather than scientific experiments to illustrate his theories. Although Freud believed to his dying day that he should have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, no, no, it was the physiological medicine prize, but year after year, the Nobel Committee was clearly aware of this and did not even allow him to nominate.

Even by telling stories to fool people, he still attracted a loyal fan base. These fans absorbed Freud's ideas, then combined their understanding with the popular styles of the time to develop and expand Freud's theoretical system. They made it manifest in different ways.

These theories are collectively known as modern psychoanalysis.

(II)

One of the modern psychoanalysis: Ego-Psychology (Ego-Psychology)

A seed, buried in the soil, instinctively wants to germinate and grow. All we can do is provide specific nutrients at a certain time of their growth. For example, more water when germination, more nitrogen when the leaves grow, more phosphorus when flowering, more potassium when fruiting, etc.

Self-psychology believes that human growth is like planting a growing seed, he will show a strong desire for life like a seed, instinctively to germinate and grow. A little boy will be born, he will drink milk, play games, and pick up girls, even if you don't teach him!

Ego psychology values the importance of social, cultural, and interpersonal relationships in the development and formation of personality. They believe that the ego can be developed in the process of instinctive needs being met (or frustrated).

Representative figures: (Note: a large number of Germans gradually migrated to the United States!)

1. Heinz Hartmann (Hartmann, 1894-1970), was born in Germany and later emigrated to the United States.

2. Sullivan (Sullivan, 1892-1949), American, of Irish ancestry.

3. Erikson (Erikson, 1902-1994), Danish ancestry, born in Germany, moved to the United States in 1933.

Representative person and theory: Erikson's eight-stage theory of personality development (eight psychological crises).

In 1902, Erikson's child was born. He came down only to see his mother looking at him with excitement and said, "My dad?" Her mother turned pale and said, "Your father slipped away on your wedding night," and then went on to cry, "Do you see how ugly I am?"

His mother later remarried but did not tell him these secrets.

As young Eriksson grew up, he gradually realized that something was wrong: he was blond, blue-eyed, and looked like Einstein, not at all like his stepfather. It was like a Chinese couple having a white child, which was theoretically hard to explain.

So he went to ask his mother. But his mother just wouldn't tell him, and even when she died, she didn't reveal any information about his real father to him. His real father became a mystery that he could not solve for the rest of his life.

Erikson, who grew up in this paradoxical state, naturally believes that human life is composed of various contradictions and conflicts. He divided human life into eight stages based on the dilemmas people face in the process of growth.

(1) 0∼18 months: Psychological conflict between basic trust and distrust

Developmental goal: The infant's goal is to establish a basic sense of trust in the world around him or her.

Good or bad development: If the infant is well raised and has established a good parent-child relationship with the mother, the child will develop a sense of trust in the world around him/her, otherwise he/she will become suspicious and uneasy.

Parental code: Give the child enough love and attention to make him trust the world.

(2) 18 months ∼ 3 years old: Autonomy conflicts with shyness and suspicion

Developmental goals: Children begin to show a need for self-control, desire autonomy, and try to do things on their own.

Good and bad development: Parents should allow children to explore freely and provide appropriate care and protection. If parents are demanding and restrictive, it can make the child doubt his or her abilities.

Parental code: Let go of the child to explore based on protecting his safety.

(3) 3 to 6 years old: Active conflict against guilt

Developmental goals: Children need both to maintain enthusiasm for activities and to control those activities that cause harm or may be prohibited.

Developmental good and bad: Too much interference may create a lack of experimentation and lack of initiative in children's personalities.

Parental Code: Adults should be supervising rather than interfeinterferehildren's initiatives and creative activities.

(4) Ages 6-12: Conflict between diligence and low self-esteem

Developmental goal: To experience "achievement".

Good and bad development: Children's successes increase their sense of competence and confidence in doing things, while difficulties and setbacks can lead to feelings of inferiority.

Parental Code: Encourage "hardworking" behavior in children.

(5) Ages 12-18: Conflict between self-identity and role confusion

Developmental goal: To develop a good sense of self.

Good or bad development: The child experiences a conflict between role unity and role confusion and begins to consider the question "who am I?

Parental Guideline: Help the child to evaluate and understand him/herself correctly.

(6) 18-25 years old: Conflict between intimacy and loneliness

Developmental goal: To have intimate relationships with others and learn to love and be loved.

Developmental good and bad: Learning to merge one's sameness with the sameness of others occurs, a process that requires a certain amount of self-sacrifice. Only then can intimacy be established in a relationship.

Parental Code: Encourage your child to go and truly love once during this period, regardless of the ending.

(7) Ages 25 to 65: Conflict over self-focus in childbirth

Developmental goals: Enhance social relationships, care for others, and care for the next generation.

Good and bad development: People not only have children but also undertake social work, which is the period when one's concern for the next generation and creativity are at their peak.

Parental code: The child has become a parent, encourage him to love his child.

(8) 65~year-old: Conflict between self-integration and the period of despair

Developmental goals: Acceptance of self, recognition of realistic feelings, and discovery of the meaning of life.

Developmental good and bad: The passing of life sometimes makes us despair, and we have to develop the wisdom to overcome despair.

Parental Code: The child's child has become a parent, I'll take the grandchildren .......

Bringing up grandchildren is not exactly exploiting parents; in fact, this process allows them to experience the continuation of their genes and the value of their own lives.

(3)

Modern Psychoanalysis II: Object Relations Theory (OTR)

The seed is sown into the soil, and what it grows depends on the characteristics of the soil and the environment: whether it is in the rich black soil of the northeast, the arid loess plateau, or the paddy fields of the south of the Yangtze River.

Object relations theory emphasizes that human growth is like the soil and environment for planting crops, which is crucial for the healthy growth of the seeds. For the child, this soil is the mother.

Representative figures.

1. Melanie Klein (1882-1960), born in Vienna, of German descent, moved to London.

2. W.R.D. Fairbairn (1889-1964) was, a British psychologist, born in Edinburgh.

Core theoretical contributions

Klein's object relations theory holds that once the form of the self's relationship with others is established, it affects its later interpersonal relationships. Further, people will seek out relationships that fit the shape of relationships that have been established in the past.

For example, your first girlfriend had a great influence on you, and you established the habit of being close to the opposite sex through your relationship with her. So, the next time, you might look for similar relationship patterns with the opposite sex.

You ask: So the next time I look for a boyfriend, I have to check his pattern of getting along with his exes?

Answer: Not to check the ex, but to check the first one. Besides, what's more, important is that you haven't found a boyfriend this time!

There are approximately several stages in a person's life.

(1) Partial object

The newborn baby can only represent the object according to the object he experiences as "good" or "bad". At this point, he experiences only some of the characteristics of the object, so it is called a partial object. In other words, the child's thinking is one-sided, and the child only uses good and bad to evaluate the world.

As the old saying goes, "Only children can distinguish between right and wrong, but adults only talk about benefits. At least the first sentence of this statement is correct (the second sentence is for your evaluation): the inner world of a newborn baby is dichotomous, good feelings - bad feelings, love-hate. This continues until the child is 6 or 7 years old, for example, when the child listens to a story and asks: Is this a good person or a bad person?

(2) Complete object

When the child can experience both the multifaceted nature of the object that gives him satisfaction and frustration, he is experiencing the object as a complete whole, which is called the complete object.

The child gradually discovers that his mother, who gives him selfless love, also makes many demands on him, restricts his activities, etc. The mother is a combination of "good" and "bad".

(3) Self

The Self is our basic experience of who we are. It is an inner image. Through interaction with the mother, the child gradually learns what kind of person he or she is. The autopoiesis emphasizes the mental structure that the infant develops from the experience of the mother-infant relationship.

The child's behavior is less driven by his or her erotic impulses and more by the emotions of the significant people in his or her life. And the most important person early in a child's life is, in fact, the mother. The role of the mother in child development is so important!

It is very, very important for all single people to marry a wife who loves children.

(4)

The third modern psychoanalysis: Self Psychology (Self Psychology)

It is the same seed that was sown into the soil, and what it can grow depends on how good the soil is for the internal growth of the seed. In other words, it does not necessarily grow well if it is sown in the fertile black soil of the Northeast, it depends on whether the seed is suitable for that soil! Coconut trees do not necessarily like black soil, while certain barren mountainous areas in the south of the Yangtze River can grow high-quality tea.

Yes, the idea of auto psychology is like this. He believes that the influence of the environment on an individual depends on the internal characteristics of the individual.

Representative figures.

Heinz Kohut Heinz Kohut (1913-1981) was an Austrian who moved to the United States in 1939 and was the president of the American Psychoanalytic Association from 1964 to 1965.

Theoretical contributions.

Autopoietic psychology advocates the psychological structure of the tri-polar autopoiesis of mirror reflection, idealization,n, and twin needs, where a balanced tri-polarity forms a healthy autopoiesis, otherwise an autopoietic object (unhealthy) may be formed.

Let's take an example.

In reality, there is a kind of person, he/she expects and demands a lot from others, and thinks that it is proper for people to pay attention to him/her, you have to do this with him/her, you have to listen to him/her about that, you have to let him/her toss and turn, if you do not satisfy him/her, he/she will be angry.

This kind of person is to treat others as their own "self-object"!

Self-object, that is, he treats others as part of his own, and for him to perform some important psychological functions of the object. As if others are part of his body, to serve themselves unconditionally and consciously.

For example: asking people to care for themselves and not to see outside!

I guess you also want to say, this kind of person is the kind of super narcissistic ah. Yes, you got it right!

Narcissistic Personality Disorder: The basic characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder are an exaggerated sense of self-worth and a lack of understanding of others. These people exaggerate their achievements and talents without any basis and believe that they should be regarded as "special talents" and that their ideas are unique and can only be understood by special people.

Do you have such people around you? Show this chapter to him!