hybrid cars are billed as a clean and efficient middle ground between fossil fuel and pure electric vehicles a good compromise if you're worried about the environmental impact of a conventional car or the range of an electric one but how do they work what are the different types and should you buy one hybrid cars are powered by combining an electric motor with a conventional engine manufacturers claim they can save you money on fuel and lower exhaust emissions having two motors in one car might sound like twice as much can go wrong but they're actually mechanically simpler often having no clutch or starter motor plus most models have a gearbox that never disengages making it more resistant to wear and the assistance of an electric motor means the petrol engine doesn't need to work as hard ultimately reducing the likelihood of problems petrol hybrid cars are the most reliable fuel type according to our latest which car survey which has found they consistently outperform both conventional petrol and diesel cars the complicated parts of hybrid technology are the power inverter a non-moving part and the software that controls everything unlike electric cars hybrids run on regular petrol or diesel with electricity generated as you drive for some models the battery can be topped up by plugging it in there are three types of hybrids full plug-in and mild full hybrids charge their battery with energy taken from the petrol engine under acceleration and coasting energy is also harvested from the brakes when you slow down known as regenerative braking the electric motor can take over or help the petrol engine when it's at its least efficient like when you're setting off this can have a big impact on how much fuel you use particularly around town plug-in hybrids also known as phevs are a halfway house between petrol and full electric cars despite having smaller batteries and electrics they can still be driven on electric power alone normally for around 20 to 40 miles for the best economy you'll need to charge them from the mains regularly the amount of time it takes depends on both the size of the battery and the speed of the electric charger this could take under 60 minutes at fast charging stations or several hours at home and even longer if you use a normal three pin plug but some full electric vehicles can charge even faster known as rapid charging which shortens the time but plug-in models can also use the engine to charge up the battery to full if needed which can result in poorer overall fuel economy so is an inefficient way of using them when out of juice plug-ins work like a full hybrid mild hybrids use a small electric motor alongside rather than independently of a conventional engine how it works depends on the model some give extra power when you accelerate others let the engine be turned off when braking or coasting to save fuel with much smaller batteries than full hybrids a mild hybrid can't be driven on electricity alone so fuel consumption and emissions like nitrogen dioxide don't have the potential to be as low if you're transitioning from a petrol or diesel car and don't have easy access to a convenient charging point full hybrids without the need for access to the mains are likely to be the simplest next step plug-in hybrids have a longer electric driving range but need to be charged to make the most of their potential fuel economy benefits some plug-in models we've tested have smaller fuel tanks to make room for the battery pack which can limit overall driving range especially if you've not charged it up both full and plug-in hybrids aren't viewed as exhaust emissions free like a battery electric car is as they're powered by petrol or diesel at least some of the time this can have implications if you're driving into restricted areas of busy cities like clean air zones the best hybrid cars make a great choice if you want to save on fuel costs but despite manufacturers mileage claims not all hybrids are the most economical choice for long distance motorway driving the average hybrid actually uses more fuel than the average diesel because once the electric battery runs out the petrol engine has to do all the work and uses more fuel to keep it going some work the petrol engine even harder to charge the battery on the go but there are exceptions some hybrids perform excellently at motorway driving so if you pick the right model you'll get great miles per gallon for both long and short distances .
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Are Women Better in Leaders than Men ?
Would you like to be led by an all-women team? What is it like to be a woman leader in a man's world? A huge risk is attached to undertaking leadership positions when you're a woman, because you are judged on the basis of prejudice – prejudice linked to your gender. We are going to look at what it takes to be a woman who leads. There might be lessons in it for men too. The picture that made headlines around the world: some of the leaders of Finland's new coalition government, notable for their gender and the way this informs their policy and leadership. All five leaders were women. All but one were under the age of 35 when they took power in December 2019. Sanna Marin, at the age of 34, became Finland's youngest ever Prime Minister. Finland has a record of leading when it comes to women's rights: the first country in the world to give full voting rights to women, and one used to females in positions of power. The women say there are pitfalls to having an all-female team. What we want is not to reproduce the excluding structures that men have used, as women, but really, kind of, to change those structures. And there have been disagreements between the leaders, but Finland won praise for its early handling of the coronavirus pandemic, like some other female-led countries, And the government is pushing an ambitious equality programme, that gives greater rights to trans people, encourages parents to share caring responsibilities and closes the gender pay gap. So, what does Finland's example tell us about female leadership in a man's world? All women in the 'Finnish Five' coalition have, kind of, experiential understanding of, you know, exclusion and marginalization and living in hardship. And I think that also makes them, you know, understand, care and value it more, as well as inclusion and solidarity. The Finnish leaders put care at the heart of the decisions they make and goals they set. But actually working towards that goal involves perseverance, and working through differences, and working through conflict, and trying to find a way around and through all these differences, like political affiliation or beliefs or, you know, your stances and so on. So, I think women are experientially made to, kind of, work in that way from their early age and they don't just give up on the first hurdle but, you know, persevere. The Finnish leaders have different political beliefs, but they persevere to work through their differences together. A huge risk is attached to undertaking leadership positions when you're a woman, because you are judged on the basis of prejudice – prejudice linked to your gender. So, if Finnish Five, for example, was to fail for any reason, you know, or misdelivered on the promises that they made, they would probably be judged, you know, harsher than their male counterparts – by politicians or media or their electorate. So, women leaders are judged more harshly than male leaders. They face prejudice because of their gender. Is that fair? The pandemic, or financial crisis, or climate crisis: they're... they are making it obvious that this kind of inclusive, caring leadership is something that we require in order to get through. And I think that's what propelled... that is exactly what propelled this kind of – traditionally understood – this feminine leadership forward. And I can see, you know, it being applied widely in the future. So, the leadership qualities traditionally associated with women, such as caring for others and working together, have proven successful in tackling global crises. Meggie Palmer started life as a journalist, but realized she had a different story to tell. Women across the world are generally paid less than men and don't hold as many top jobs in companies. Meggie decided to do something about that, so she set up PepTalkHer. It coaches women on getting fair pay and pushes for gender balance in senior positions. Its aim is to end the pay gap and help women become the leaders they want to be. So, I've had some really positive experiences as a woman in leadership: I've had a lot of men and women who've sponsored me to get into more senior roles in the workforce. I've also had some really negative experiences in the workplace, with inappropriate behavior, being spoken to differently and being treated differently, purely because of my gender. Meggie Palmer has had positive and negative experiences. She has been supported to reach senior positions, but she has also been treated differently to her male colleagues. I had an experience of pay inequality in my career: I found out that I was being paid less and had different terms and conditions to my employment, when compared to my male colleagues. This didn't seem fair to me, so I raised it with the bosses and they said to me: 'Meggie, if you don't like it, you can quit or you can take us to court.' Now, this is a few years ago, so I hope that things have changed somewhat. Although, what we know is that the gender pay gap still exists all around the world – still to this day. Meggie had her own experiences of being paid less than her male counterparts – pay inequality – and wanted to do something about it. Being the only person anywhere is lonely, right? If you're the only person of color, if you're the only woman, it's... it can be lonely, and so... you know, that's what women leaders tell me – that it is lonely and I've... you know, I sit on some not-for-profit boards and I've had the experience as well of... of raising issues, particularly that pertain to women, and just getting crickets from all the men on the board, right? And I would get a little bit of support, maybe, from one of the other female board members, but we were outnumbered. And so, when you're outnumbered, it's really hard to create that change, right? And so, it's frustrating but it's something that we need to continue to talk about. We have to keep amplifying this issue. Meggie knows what it is like to be one of the only women in the boardroom. Women leaders can often feel isolated. So, when we think about whose responsibility is it to improve these situations, really, it's all of our responsibilities. This is not a problem just for women to solve; this is not a problem just for leadership to solve; this is a problem for all of us to solve. When you are in middle management and you are hiring, you have the ability to say: 'I want to make sure that I'm interviewing male and female candidates.' Right? When you are interviewing for jobs, you can actively ask: 'What are the policies here to encourage diversity amongst the team?' Meggie says change is everyone's responsibility. Everyone, at whatever level, should ask the questions that will lead to more equality in the workplace. So, we know that when there are women in leadership, companies perform better. We know that women-led start-ups return a higher return on investment to investors, than teams of start-ups that just have men in leadership. We know when we're looking at larger businesses, when there are women in the c-suite, the net profit of that business goes up. When we have women in leadership, what we find is the decision-making process is more robust and more effective. Research shows that companies that have women in leadership roles perform better. So, what have we learnt about women in leadership? They face more judgment and risk to their reputations, but they're likely to prioritize care and compassion in decision-making and they can make businesses and governments more effective.
By Amjad Ateih Dib11 months ago in Education
A Comprehensive Guide to UX Design
User Experience (UX) design is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on creating products, systems, or services that are intuitive, efficient, and delightful to use. It encompasses a range of factors including usability, accessibility, aesthetics, and overall user satisfaction. UX design plays a crucial role in the success of digital products and services, as it directly impacts how users interact with and perceive them.
By VICTOR ACHUMNOLE2 days ago in Education
Red Shelves
Death is a black hole. Think about it. A black hole is the corpse of a star, something once warm and bright, now come to the end of its life cycle. But some will argue that the cycle of life does not end with death. That death is merely another path we must walk once our bodies expire and our souls ascend. In that moment, when the fuel in the star’s chemical tank hits empty and the shiny matte coat explodes into supernova, the mass left behind – the corpse – becomes a black hole. We understand that, around such a vast cadaver, dimensions work a little differently in death to the way we’re used to in life. For example, light cannot escape the pull of a black hole when it hits the point of no return. That’s where it gets its colour. Space itself is contorted by a black hole. That’s where it gets its funny shape. Even time. Time slows right down the closer you get to it. The closer you get to a black hole. The closer you get to death.
By Matthew Curtis3 days ago in Humans
Comments (1)
please don't stop you have a nice work