How to conduct a generalizing lesson at school on the topic "Heat phenomena"?

Personality-oriented pedagogy, pedagogy of subject-subject relations, pedagogy of cooperation are gaining more and more importance in modern education. Therefore, in a system with other forms of learning, the use of which has its own goals and objectives, the organization of students' play activities is of great importance. The game contributes to the development of observation, the ability to see the unusual in familiar things, to ask yourself questions about those phenomena that are encountered in life. Game activity, in which the student understands the goals and methods are available, allows you to include all students in the work, to motivate them to study physics.

The game should contribute to solving the main educational task of the lesson, for example, consolidating and applying knowledge - then it is a teaching element of the lesson.

This article proposes a methodological development of a repetitive-generalizing lesson in grade 8 on the topic “Heat phenomena” in the form of a didactic game “Your own game”.

Didactic goal: to create non-standard conditions for testing the knowledge and skills of students on the topic “Thermal phenomena”.

Lesson type: Lesson generalization and systematization of knowledge.

Lesson objectives:

• educational: generalization and repetition of students' knowledge on the topic: "Thermal phenomena", to test the ability to apply the knowledge gained in practice, to express thoughts correctly, based on the material studied.
• educational: developing interest in the subject, fostering a responsible attitude to the work performed, developing communication competencies.
• developing: broadening one's horizons, developing cognitive and applied interest, developing logical and critical thinking, developing monologue speech using physical terms; development of the ability to see physical phenomena in the surrounding world.

First round

1. Find unnecessary

1. The figure shows a thermometer, scales, barometer, test tubes, beakers.

(Answer: test tubes, since it is not a measuring device).

2. The figure shows portraits of Newton, Galileo, Lomonosov and Krylov.

(Answer: Krylov I.A. is not a physicist, a fabulist).

3. Molecule, inertia, lightning, rainbow.

(Answer: a molecule is not a physical phenomenon).

4. Meter (m), Newton (N), second (s), kilogram (kg).

(Answer: Newton is not the basic SI unit).

2. Instruments and measurements

1. The figure shows a thermometer. Question: This device is called - and is designed to measure

(Answer: a thermometer measures the temperature of bodies).

2. The figure shows a liquid pressure gauge. Question: This device is called - and is designed to measure -.

(Answer: liquid pressure gauge, measures the pressure difference in the vessel and atmospheric pressure).

3. The figure shows an aneroid barometer. Question: This device measures -, the readings of the device are equal to -.

(Answer: atmospheric pressure, it is equal to 762 mm Hg).

4. What is measured with a barometer?

(Answer: A barometer is a device for measuring atmospheric pressure.

4. The figure shows a beam balance and a set of weights 10g, 5g, 2g, 500mg, 100mg, 50mg. What is the mass of the body to be weighed in grams?

(Answer: 17.65 g).

5. The figure shows an experiment to determine the volume of the body using a beaker. Question: The figure shows the experience of determining -. The measured value is -.

(Answer: experiment to determine the volume of the body. The volume is 15 ml.).

3. Physicists

1. Italian physicist and mathematician. Basic physical work in the field of pneumatics and mechanics, discovered atmospheric pressure, striking a blow to the prevailing belief that "nature is afraid of emptiness." He invented the mercury barometer and improved Galileo's air thermoscope by converting it into an alcohol thermometer. He was the first to explain wind by variations in atmospheric pressure.

(Answer: Evangelista Torricelli).

2. One of the founders of hydrostatics, established its basic law (pressure on the surface of a liquid, produced by external forces, is transmitted by the liquid equally in all directions). The operation of hydraulic presses and other hydrostatic machines is based on this law.

(Answer: Blaise Pascal).

3. Ancient Greek scientist, mathematician and mechanic. His mathematical work was well ahead of his time. Pioneer of mathematical physics, one of the founders of mechanics as a science. He owns various technical inventions. We come across one of his discoveries almost every day. He is one of the first scientists to work for the war, and the first casualty of the war among the people.

(Answer: Archimedes).

4. The great Italian scientist. He discovered the phenomenon of inertia, established the principle of relativity of motion in mechanics, invented an astronomical tube, with the help of which he discovered four moons of Jupiter, investigated the laws of free fall of bodies, and developed Copernicus' doctrine of the motion of the Earth.

(Answer: Galileo Galilei).

5. Great Russian scientist, founder of Moscow University. He owns outstanding works in physics, chemistry, mining and metallurgy. He developed the molecular kinetic theory of heat, in his works the laws of conservation of mass and energy were anticipated.

(Answer: Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov).

4. Interesting fact

1. Most people are convinced that water vapor is white, and they are very surprised to hear that this is not true.

(Answer: In reality, water vapor is completely transparent, invisible and, therefore, has no color at all. That white fog, which in everyday life is called “vapor”, is not vapor in the physical sense of the word, but water sprayed into small droplets) ...

2. It is known that in a sauna the air temperature is 120–140 ° C, which is much higher than the boiling point of water. At this temperature, you can cook fried eggs, and the raw egg will be baked. How, then, does a person not only withstand this temperature, but also enjoy it?

(Answer: Intensive evaporation occurs from the surface of the skin, which leads to cooling of the body. German scientists have found that a person can spend up to 10 minutes in a very dry sauna at a temperature of 210 ° C.).

3. Ice floats in water. This property of water is an anomaly in nature, a remarkable exception. What if ice were heavier than water?

(Answer: There would be freezing of water bodies. In winter, a denser ice freezing from above would sink in the water, continuously sinking to the bottom of the reservoir. In summer, ice, protected by a column of cold water, could not melt. Gradually, all lakes, rivers, etc. would freeze. )

4. Will the continents be flooded by the World Ocean if all the ice floating in it melts for some reason?

(Answer: World ocean level will not change.

Not. The weight of ice is equal to the weight of water obtained from it during melting, therefore, according to the law of floating bodies, water will occupy the volume of the submerged part of the ice.)

5. Women claim that the veil warms, that without it the face will chill. When looking at the light fabric of the veil, often with rather large cells, men are not very inclined to believe this statement, and they think that the warming effect of the veil is a game of imagination.

(Answer: No matter how large the cells of the veil are, air passes through such a fabric with some slowdown. The layer of air that directly adjoins the face and, when heated, serves as a warm air mask - this layer, held by the veil, is not so fast is blown away by the wind, as in the absence of it. Therefore, there is no reason not to believe women that with a slight frost and weak wind, the face will chill in a veil while walking less than without it.)