AMAZING BODY ANATOMY

hi this is tom from zero2finals.com

in this video i'm going to be going

overview of the anatomy of

the skeleton

you can find written notes on this topic

at xero2finals.com

skeleton

and you can also find flashcards to test

your knowledge on the anatomy of the

skeleton at zero to finals dot com slash

digital flash cards

so let's jump straight in

we're gonna go from top to bottom taking

an overview and learning the basic bones

of the skeleton which will help create a

solid foundation before we look at each

bone and joint in more detail in later

videos

let's start by looking at the skull

the skull consists of the bones of the

head

the cranial bones surround the brain

at the front is the frontal bone

at the top is the parietal bone

and at the back is the occipital bone

beside the ear is the temporal bone

anterior to the temporal bone is the

sphenoid bone

the final cranial bone which is a bit

more difficult to visualize is the

ethmoid bone

which is closer to the midline posterior

to the nose

and inferior to the frontal bone

the facial bones form the structure of

the face

the bone that forms the bridge of the

nose is the nasal bone

the bone that connects the nose

cheekbones and the upper teeth is the

maxilla

either side forming the cheek bones are

the zygomatic bones

finally the jaw bone is called the

mandible

the mandible connects to the temporal

bone at the temporomandibular joint or

tmj

next let's look at the spine

the spine is made up of seven cervical

vertebrae in the neck

twelve thoracic vertebrae in the thorax

five lumbar vertebrae

the sacrum

and the coccyx

vertebrae are numbered from the top down

so c1 connects to the base of the skull

and this is followed by c2 c3 c4 c5 c6

and then c7 which connects to the first

thoracic vertebra

called t1

you then get t1 to t12 then l1 to l5 and

then the sacrum

c1 and c2 have special names c1 is

called the atlas

and c2 is called the axis

next let's talk about the upper limb

the clavicle lies horizontally between

the sternum and the shoulder at the

front and upper portion of the chest

the clavicle is commonly called the

collarbone

the scapula is the flat triangular

shaped bone at the back commonly called

the shoulder blade

the humerus is the name for the bone of

the upper arm

on the scapula there's a concave area

called the glenoid fossa and the head of

the humerus meets the glenoid fossa to

form the glenohumeral joint of the

shoulder

if we move further down the humerus

meets the radius and the ulna bones at

the elbow joint

looking a bit closer at the wrist the

radius and the ulna connect to the

carpal bones and there are eight of

these carpal bones

the carpal bones connect to the

metacarpal bones the metacarpals are

numbered one to five from the thumb to

the little finger meaning that the first

metacarpal is at the base of the thumb

and the fifth metacarpal is at the base

of the little finger

fingers and thumb contain the phalanges

each finger has a proximal phalanx a

middle phalanx and a distal phalanx

the thumb only has a proximal phalanx

and a distal phalanx

if we move from the base to the tip of

each finger there is the

metacarpophalangeal joint or mcp joint

proximal interphalangeal joint or pip

joint and the distal interphalangeal

joint or dip joint

at the base of the thumb is the carpo

metacarpal joint or cmc joint

next let's move on to the thorax

at the top of the thorax is the clavicle

which attaches to the sternum at the

sternoclavicular joint

the top part of the sternum is called

the manubrium

this attaches to the body of the sternum

at the sternal angle

at the very end of the sternum there is

a small bone called the xiphoid process

there are 12 ribs one for each thoracic

vertebrae

the ribs are labeled 1 to 12

corresponding to the vertebra they

attach to

the costal cartilages are what connect

the ribs to the sternum

the 11th and the 12th ribs do not

connect to costal cartilage or to the

sternum and they're called

floating ribs

next let's move on to the pelvis

the pelvis is made of three main bones

the ileum

the ischium

and the pubis bones

at the base of the spine is the sacrum

and this attaches to the ileum of the

pelvis at the sacroiliac joint

on either side at the front of the

pelvis is the pubis bones the pubis

bones join in the center at the pubic

symphysis

inferiorly there is the ischium

the socket of the hip joint is called

the acetabulum and this is located at

the point where all three bones of the

pelvis meet together

next let's move on to the lower limb

the longest bone in the body is the

femur or the thigh bone

the head of the femur connects with the

acetabulum of the pelvis in order to

form the hip joint

the femur joins with the tibia and the

fibula at the lower leg to form the knee

joint

the tibia is medial closer to the

midline and the fibula is lateral on the

outer aspect of the leg

at the front of the knee is the patellar

bone which is commonly called the

kneecap

finally let's move on to the ankle and

the foot

at the ankle joint the tibia and the

fibula meet with the tarsal bones of the

foot

there are seven tassel bones the talus

which is the bone that joins directly

with the tibia and the fibula at the

ankle joint

the calcaneus

the cuboid

the navicular and then three cuneiform

bones

distal to the tarsal bones are the

metatarsals

and these are numbered one to five with

the first metatarsal joining the big toe

and the fifth metatarsal joining the

little toe

distal to the metatarsals are the

phalanges

there are proximal middle and distal

phalanges except for the big toe which

only has a proximal phalanx and distal

phalanx

a final tom tip for you the best way

that i found to learn anatomy is by

using flashcards

you can find flashcards to test yourself

on the information we've just been

through at to finals dot com slash

digital flash cards

you can keep running through the flash

cards and testing yourself until you can

easily recall each answer and then when

you can recall all the basic bones of

the skeleton you know you're ready to

move on to learning each bone and joint

in more detail

testing yourself shortly after learning

something is an extremely powerful way

to consolidate that information in your

memory and to retain it longer.