Resolution
Post-Hasina Bangladesh: BNP Victory, Youth Revolution, and the Future of Democracy
About two years ago, when Sheikh Hasina won an election that was widely described as being marred by large-scale rigging, it was difficult to even imagine that her 15-year strong grip on power would suddenly come to an end, or that another party, which had nearly disappeared from the political landscape, would return with such intense public support. However, this is yet another shift in the ups and downs of Bangladeshi politics, where the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) have alternated in power for decades. The only difference this time is that the BNP is now formally led by Tarique Rahman, and this is the first time he has personally contested in a general election. His mother, Khaleda Zia, who passed away last year after a prolonged illness, had led the party for four decades. She took over the responsibility after the death of her husband, Ziaur Rahman, the founder of the BNP and an important leader in Bangladesh’s War of Independence. In the past, when his mother was in power, Tarique Rahman faced allegations of benefiting from nepotism and was also confronted with corruption cases. Just five days before his mother’s death, he ended his 17 years of self-imposed exile and returned to Bangladesh from London. Although the 60-year-old Tarique Rahman had effectively acted as the party’s leader during and after his mother’s imprisonment and later during her illness, he is generally regarded as an untested leader. According to political scientist Nouvine Murshid, his lack of previous governing experience may actually work in his favor, because people want to give change a chance. They want to believe that new and positive change is possible, which is why there is an atmosphere of hope among the public. Following the election results, the BNP announced that its top priority would be the restoration of democracy in the country. This time, however, the situation appears somewhat different. The country’s youth, who played a prominent role in the “July Uprising” of 2024 that ultimately forced Sheikh Hasina to step down, have clear expectations. Nineteen-year-old student Tazin Ahmed, who participated in the protest movement, says: “We do not want to fight again. The former prime minister’s resignation was not our ultimate achievement. Our real success will be when the country becomes free of corruption and begins moving in the right direction, and when the economy becomes stronger.” Her cousin, 21-year-old Tahmina Tasnim, says: “Above all, we want unity among the people. We have a right to a stable state and a stable economy. We have been part of a popular movement and know how to resist. If the same conditions arise again, we also have the right to raise our voices again.” Since Sheikh Hasina’s removal, Bangladesh has faced incidents of unrest and violence during the tenure of interim leader Muhammad Yunus. Restoring law and order will be a top priority for the new government. At the same time, reviving the economy, reducing food prices, and creating job opportunities for the country’s large youth population are among the major challenges. Social affairs expert Samina Luthfa says that nearly all political parties face a lack of governing experience. Jamaat-e-Islami, considered the second-largest political party in Bangladesh and twice banned in the country’s history, has also won a significant number of seats for the first time. Its allied party, the National Citizen Party (NCP), formed by the student leaders who led the protest movement, has managed to win six seats in its very first election. According to Samina Luthfa, Bangladesh is likely to see a parliament this time where many leaders will be entering the house for the first time. She adds that the young leaders of the NCP have much to learn. Leaders of other parties may be experienced politicians, but they lack practical experience in running the country. Therefore, the journey will not be easy, and the government will face tough challenges. Jamaat-e-Islami’s election manifesto emphasized secular and developmental points and made no clear mention of implementing Islamic law. However, the party’s website states that “Jamaat is active in the political arena because without political power, Islamic law cannot be implemented.” This stance has always raised the question of what its practical strategy would be if the party ever came to power. According to political scientist Nouvine Murshid, Jamaat’s performance in this election was not unexpected. She says that Jamaat is a well-organized political party and has worked consistently and systematically at the grassroots level for decades. However, Murshid adds that while this fact must be acknowledged, the problem is that Jamaat’s core ideology is non-democratic, gender discriminatory, and patriarchal in nature. On the other hand, Samina Luthfa says that all political parties have disappointed the women of Bangladesh. In the recent elections, just over four percent of the candidates were women. She says: “We women who were part of the July popular movement have seen all political parties fail to translate our collective struggle into formal political and electoral representation.” Luthfa emphasized that members of parliament should take immediate steps to nominate capable, honest, and deserving candidates to the reserved seats for women. Out of Bangladesh’s total 350 parliamentary seats, 300 members are directly elected by public vote, while 50 seats are reserved for women. These reserved seats are allocated to political parties in proportion to their electoral performance, and the parties themselves nominate candidates for them. The recent elections are being described as markedly different from those held during Sheikh Hasina’s tenure. This time, the contest was genuinely competitive, and the outcome was not clear before polling. In the context of claims about restoring democracy, when the BNP was asked whether it would support bringing the Awami League back into the political mainstream, senior party leader Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury said: “It is not our job to decide that.” He added: “It will take time for the Awami League to return to Bangladesh’s electoral process, because its credibility is under question. When you face allegations of killing your own citizens, oppression, and political vendettas, then it is the public who will decide what place that party will have in future politics.” Meanwhile, from exile in India, Sheikh Hasina has described Thursday’s elections as a “fraud and farcical election” and has demanded fresh polls in which the Awami League would also be allowed to participate. At present, there is intense public anger against her party. However, considering Bangladesh’s political history, it would be premature to say that the Awami League’s political role has ended permanently.
By Real content8 months ago in Chapters
India to Buy 114 Rafale Jets in $40 Billion Defense Boost Ahead of French President’s Visit
India on Thursday granted initial approval for the purchase of $40 billion (3.6 trillion Indian rupees) worth of defense equipment, including additional French Rafale fighter jets for the Indian Air Force. India’s Ministry of Defence said that the Defence Acquisition Council has given preliminary approval for additional Rafale fighter jets and missiles for the Air Force, anti-tank missiles for the Army, and P-8I surveillance aircraft for the Navy. Indian media reported on Thursday that the Defence Acquisition Council approved 3.25 trillion Indian rupees for the purchase of 114 Rafale aircraft from Dassault Aviation. The budget was approved during a meeting held in New Delhi on Thursday, under which more Rafale fighter jets will be inducted into the Indian Air Force. In a social media post, India’s Ministry of Defence said the objective is to enhance air power and strengthen surveillance systems. The approval comes just days before the French president’s visit to India, and it is expected that an agreement will be finalized during the visit. It is worth noting that last April, India signed a deal with France to purchase 26 Rafale fighter jets. The total cost of those aircraft was approximately 630 billion rupees, or about $8 billion. Officials said this is further proof of the superiority of the French defense industry in international competition. “At the geopolitical level, this decision also highlights the importance of the strategic bilateral partnership between India and France. According to them, this relationship of mutual trust—based on sovereignty and respect for mutual interests—serves as a strong foundation for global stability and will be further strengthened in the coming years.” It should be noted that Rafale aircraft were also mentioned during the fighting between Pakistan and India last May. Pakistan had claimed that during the conflict, it shot down six Indian fighter jets, including Rafales. Defense expert Ashwini Sewach said that the approval of this amount would prove to be a game changer for India. India will acquire 114 Rafale aircraft, forming six to seven squadrons. According to him, the aircraft are expected to arrive over the next seven to eight years, and most of them will be manufactured in India. A user named Ferd wrote that this is the biggest deal of the century for France’s Dassault Aviation. It is the largest export contract in the company’s history. Bhoumik Doshi wrote that even with a $40 billion deal, if the Rafales are manufactured in India, it would not be a good bargain. According to him, under the “Make in India” framework, the deal would only be considered better if France provides full autonomy and complete cooperation. Manjit Negi wrote, “A nightmare for Pakistan. India has approved the purchase of 114 Rafale jets. This is a major step toward a stronger India.” Will India Gain Superiority Over Pakistan with This Fighter Jet? These aircraft will be equipped with full combat systems, weapons, simulators, and spare parts. The deal also includes pilot training and equipment supply. The Rafale fighter jet is capable of carrying nuclear weapons. It will be equipped with Exocet AM39 anti-ship missiles with a range of 70 kilometers, SCALP air-to-ground missiles with a range of 300 kilometers, and Meteor air-to-air missiles with a range of 120 to 150 kilometers. Defense expert Sanjeev Srivastava said that although many countries today are conducting attacks using drones, fighter jets remain important due to their precision and long-range strike capabilities. Analyst Rahul Bedi said that purchasing these aircraft had become necessary because the Indian Navy currently operates Russian-made MiG-29 aircraft, which will become unusable in the coming years. The approval of this defense budget comes at a time when tensions between India and Pakistan are at their peak following the Pahalgam attack. So, will India gain superiority over Pakistan with this fighter jet? How important is the Rafale deal for India in the current tense situation with Pakistan? Responding to this question, Rahul Bedi said that in this part of Asia, apart from China and Thailand, no other country possesses an aircraft carrier. In this regard, there is no comparison between Pakistan and India. However, experts say that amid rising tensions after the Pahalgam attack, India will benefit from the Rafale deal, but the most important factor is delivery, which will take several months. In response to this question, defense expert Sanjeev Srivastava said, “India currently has two aircraft carriers, INS Vikrant and INS Vikramaditya, while Pakistan does not have a single aircraft carrier. India has China in mind. The Air Force previously deployed Rafale aircraft keeping China in consideration.” How many fighter jets does India need for its security? One answer to this question is that the more aircraft you have, the more locations you can fight in. That means numbers matter in this case.
By Real content8 months ago in Chapters
AI, Surveillance, and the Fragile Line Between Deterrence and Disaster
AI, Surveillance, and the Fragile Line Between Deterrence and Disaster The next great danger in global conflict is not only missiles or soldiers, but machines that think faster than humans. As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply embedded in military planning, surveillance, and nuclear command systems, the risk of accidental war is growing quietly but dangerously. What once depended on human judgment is now increasingly shaped by algorithms, sensors, and automated decision-making. In this new environment, a single error, misreading, or cyber manipulation could push the world toward catastrophe.
By Wings of Time 8 months ago in Chapters











