Ellen J Williams
Bio
Stories (8/0)
Mysteries of the Ancient World
Have you ever stumbled upon a relic from the past so baffling that it seems to rewrite the annals of history? The world is teeming with such enigmatic artifacts, each offering a tantalizing glimpse into a past that defies conventional understanding. From spheres that spin on their own to hammers encased in ancient rock, these discoveries ignite our imagination and challenge our perception of history. Let's delve into some of these fascinating finds and the mysteries they harbor.
By Ellen J Williamsabout 2 hours ago in History
Why Does Western Law Not Apply to International Law?
In our interconnected world, the term international law often pops up in news reports, academic discussions, and diplomatic dialogues. It governs the conduct of nations, ensuring peace, stability, and cooperation across borders. However, one intriguing aspect is why Western law, despite its global influence, doesn't always apply to international law. This phenomenon, rooted in historical, cultural, and political intricacies, offers a fascinating exploration of how diverse legal systems coexist and interact on the world stage.
By Ellen J Williamsabout 2 hours ago in History
Animals' Extraordinary Hearing Abilities
Since the dawn of time, humans have coexisted alongside other species on Earth, and each of them has a distinct perspective on the color, speed, and sound of reality. Thanks to technology, we can now roughly comprehend what animals hear in our world. Since dogs are considered man's greatest friend, how about we attempt living in their ears for a little while? Dogs are known to perceive time very differently from humans; the best estimate is that one human year is equivalent to seven canine years. However, when you call their names, what do they actually hear? Dogs perceive time and sound differently than people do. Let's say you're calling Skipper to go for a walk. You're talking to him normally, like you do every day, but it sounds like you're speaking slowly to him. It's as if you've just hit the 0.75 speed on your Spotify app. You've also probably heard that dogs can hear sounds far away from humans, which is true the average human hearing range is between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. We also tend to hear less as we age. It's true this is scientific that our dogs have a hearing range of up to 45 KHz, which is significantly greater than ours. Given that certain dog breeds are recognized for their hunting prowess, they would require enhanced hearing devices. The problem is that dogs aren't as excellent at differentiating sounds as people are. People can tell the difference between slow and go rather readily, but dogs don't. This phenomenon is known as frequency selectivity. This can be explained scientifically by the fact that different regions of the CCKA respond to different frequencies. This is the inside of a human ear, and this is the inside of a dog's ear. The ca is this area right here that resembles a snail's shell, it is composed of a fluid that resembles saltwater, and at the innermost center of the CA are tiny hairs that vibrate in response to the frequency of sound we are receiving. Some hairs will only vibrate in response to high-pitched sounds, while other hairs will vibrate in response to lower notes. Since dogs likewise lose their hearing with age, dogs truly are man's greatest friend. Human hearing is best when we're young; according to a University of New South Wales study, a youngster can hear up to 24 KZ. When we are young, our ability to hear very high-pitched noises increases, but as we age, this tends to diminish. An older person's maximal hearing capacity may be as low as 8 Kilz. I mean, it's unlikely that this guy can hear the birds singing or even the microwave beeping in both people and dogs. In the CIA, the loss of microscopic hairs is linked to hearing loss. What about cats? The interesting thing is that while dogs perceive reality in slower motion than humans do, cats actually experience life about 9% faster than we do. You've probably heard that sound can also be classified as either infrasound or ultrasound. Here's what we'll do: I'll give you an example of a sound, and you'll tell me if you think it's infrasound or ultrasound. The correct answer is infrasound. This one is tricky. Cats can hear higher frequencies than dogs; their hearing can go a little beyond 60 khz. This is especially important because cats hunt small rodents that make almost imperceptible noises to human ears. the movement of ants in an underground tunnel also infra sound infra sounds are low range frequencies anything ranging below 20 ht z which means we can't hear them but an elephant can when you look at elephants one of the first things you'll notice is their enormous ears well everything is pretty gigantic but but the ears are impressive especially in comparison to ours their ears allow them to pick up on sound waves that are much longer than the ones we pick up on this means they can pick up on the movement of clouds and can physically hear when rain clouds are gathering this is helpful to them because they will know when it's time to head down to water reservoirs for example elephants also use infra sound to communicate with each other they do that by pounding their feet on the ground this sets up a powerful but hardly audible vibration and since elephants are so awesome they can pick up the vibration through nerve endings in their feet and ear bones it works kind of like a bush telephone speaking of vibration how do you think a snake can be enchanted by a flute if it doesn't have any ears well the snake is not following the music it's following the man's imperceptible foot tapping on the ground you see for humans sound waves are usually carried by the air but snakes who move around through the ground are connected to the environment by vibration snakes don't have ear drums so their inner ear is connected to their jaw plus the vibrations move from bone to bone inside a snake this is called osteop which literally means that snakes listen with their bones if this worked for humans sound waves could literally send chills down someone's spine huh okay so humans listen through the air elephants and snakes can hear through the ground how does hearing work for water animals you could think that the water element impairs hearing but not for dolphins dolphins emit extremely high frequency sound waves that are classified as ultrasound they emit clicking sounds to scan the water for food and other animals whichever way sound bounces back to them will help them identify what's in the water ahead and around them to put it simply Dolphins see with their ears this ability is called echolocation and it's a form of navigation through sound well you've heard of sonars right it's an instrument ships use to search for things underwater a sonar emits very fast sound pulses that bounce off the seafloor and back this way they can detect the depth of the water they can find shipwrecks and even discover geological formations that's pretty much what dolphins do to locate themselves oh and if National Geographic is Right humans can hear frequencies up to 100 khz when we are diving underwater this means we can hear almost the same way as Dolphins can you imagine using echolocation to Wade through the water Although experts are unsure of the precise cause, they offer two theories. It might have something to do with how sound travels differently through the water it can also have to do with the way our ears receive sound underwater and how our brain interprets it now it's not only dolphins that can use sound to navigate through life bats can also do that since bats tend to live in dark or even pitch black environments they can't really count on their Vision but they have such precious hearing equipment that they might not even need to watch where they are going even though a bat's brain is Tiny it can thoroughly map the entire environment it is in and easily locate prey what about rodents if you've ever seen a mouse or a chipmunk bouncing around you've probably thought they looked a bit accelerated here's a fun fact compared to humans a chipmunk experiences reality at half the speed as we do so what looks super fast and clumsy to us is seemingly pretty chill from that rodent's point of view in terms of hearing a mouse's hearing can go as high as 91 kHz which is very very high quite fascinating huh that's it for today so hey if you pacified your curiosity then give the video a like and share it with your friends or if you want more just click on these videos and stay on the bright side
By Ellen J Williamsa day ago in Petlife
What Have Scientists Discovered on Jupiter?
Jupiter is a massive, terrifying planet that has managed to hide some things from us up until this point, including planetary cannibalism and giant spots you've never seen before. We're going to reveal all of Jupiter's dark secrets, despite being studied for centuries and even being visited by nine space probes in the last 50 years. Okay, so you've undoubtedly heard of Jupiter's Great Red Spot, the enormous storm that has been raging for hundreds of years. It's freakishly big wider than Earth, kind of big and if Earth had a storm like that raging on its surface, well, there wouldn't be an Earth as we know it today. However, you may not be aware that there's a new, massive storm in town called the Great Cold Spot. This one is peculiar in that it's almost as large as the Great Red Spot and it's the coldest place in Jupiter's clouds, which is how it got its name. How did we miss this enormous hurricane? I believe we were simply enthralled by the gas giant's swirling clouds and neglected to look closely at Jupiter's poles. The Great Cold Spot is actually difficult to observe because it is hidden by Jupiter's intense auroras, which are similar to Earth's Northern Lights but far more potent. Moreover, unlike the Great Red Spot, which is not likely to alter much, the Great Cold Spot is volatile, constantly changing in size over weeks or even days as scientists struggle to keep up with it, and they still don't fully understand how it formed. I mean we know that the Great Red Spot is powered by Jupiter's swirling gases but the great cold spot could be fueled by auroras and Jupiter's auroras would be a remarkable sight to see they aren't exactly like the ones on Earth we get our space light shows thanks to the sun's solar wind but Jupiter's auroras don't rely much on the Sun they appear thanks to the charged particles inside Jupiter's unimaginably huge magnetosphere most of these particles come from Jupiter's volcanic moon IO if the great cold spot is really formed by auroras then it might be thousands of years old way older than the Great Red Spot and it's not the only mysterious spot lurking in Jupiter's deadly atmosphere among the gas giants beautiful swirling gases there lies a dark Vortex with an intriguing name the great Abyss this is one of the most baffling features scientists discovered on Jupiter and let me remind you we've sent nine probes to this giant from Pioneer 10 the first spacecraft to fly by Jupiter in 1973 to Juno the most recent space probe to do an in-depth study of the planet it took Juno 20 passes to finally notice and capture this dark center of the great Abyss and yet scientists don't know exactly what this pitch black hole is or how it formed I would call it Jupiter's Great black hole but I guess that name would be a little bit confusing besides the great Abyss isn't anything like a black hole it's the very dark center of a vortex might run deep but at least it wouldn't suck you in like a black hole would likely not The gas giant Jupiter has an extremely frightening atmosphere. It is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium, but its clouds are far more dangerous than that. At the top, there is only ammonia ice, and as you go deeper beneath the bright patterns, you will probably come across ammonium hydrosulfide crystals. At the very bottom of the gas giant, there is water ice and vapor. Yes, that's correct. Jupiter is a strange planet without a solid surface. Despite being the largest planet in the solar system and having more mass than all other planets put together, Jupiter is essentially a freezing cold cloud floating in space with a massive hydrogen ocean in its center. There are also winds on Jupiter. Jupiter's winds are incredibly powerful, capable of pushing more material around the planet than three Earths' worth. At the equator, they can reach speeds of up to 540 km/s, and they may even be blowing deep into Jupiter's atmosphere. The magnetic field of Jupiter is off. No other planet in the solar system can match Jupiter's enormous magnetosphere, which is 21 times the planet's diameter. As if that weren't enough, this gas giant has not one, not two, but three magnetic poles: one near the equator, one at the North and South Poles, and one that was only recently discovered by Juno and named the Great Blue Spot. Is it just me, or do you think Jupiter's place names could be a little more creative? scientists have noticed how the gas Giant's magnetic field changes over time and now they think the intense winds might be causing these changes well that's just mind-blowing but you know what's even more stunning than that it turns out Jupiter is a planetary cannibal in the early days of our solar system the gas giant was one of the first planets to form it really explains why it's so gigantic but despite being so gassy Jupiter has a lot of heavy elements inside it and thanks to Juno we now know that this monstrous planet has about 30 Earth's worth of heavy elements in it all because Jupiter is literally gobbling up other planets okay they're not exactly planets more like infinitesimals these are clumps of dust and rock that can be hundreds of kilometers across if Jupiter hadn't eaten them for breakfast well these clumps could have become a new planet like Mars or Earth just imagine what having another rocky planet in the solar system would be like well sure it could have pushed Earth out of the habitable zone or this new planet could have crashed into Earth leaving us without any chance to thrive here but it could also be pretty cool if there was another Earth-like World nearby I wouldn't mind another planet like Kepler-22b wandering around the solar system well put on your spacesuit and jump into the spaceship because that's a story for another what if thank you
By Ellen J Williamsa day ago in Earth
What Would Happen if the Earth Stopped Spinning for 5 Seconds?
Envision our dynamic, ever-spinning home planet Earth abruptly stopping for a mere five seconds. Though the duration may appear insignificant, the outcomes would be far from it. The equilibrium of forces that control the environment and life on our planet is preserved in large part by the rotation of the Earth. A sudden halt would have disastrous consequences and drastically change the world as we know it.
By Ellen J Williamsa day ago in Earth
Positive Affirmations
Starting Your Day with Confidence and Motivation In our fast-paced world, it’s easy to get bogged down by daily stresses and lose sight of our goals and self-worth. One effective way to counteract this and start your day with a boost of confidence and motivation is through the use of positive affirmations. These simple yet powerful statements can reframe your mindset, encourage a positive outlook, and help you stay focused on your aspirations. In this article, we’ll explore the benefits of positive affirmations and provide 15 great affirmations to start your day right.
By Ellen J Williamsa day ago in Motivation
The Power of Habit
In our daily lives, habits shape who we are and what we achieve. They are the invisible architects of our existence, dictating our behaviors, decisions, and ultimately, our destiny. Understanding the power of habit can be trans-formative, offering a pathway to personal and professional success. The Science Behind Habits At the heart of habit formation lies the habit loop, a neurological pattern identified by MIT researchers. This loop consists of three components, the cue, the routine, and the reward. The cue is a trigger that initiates the behavior. The routine is the behavior itself, and the reward is the benefit we gain from performing the behavior, which reinforces the habit. For example, consider a simple habit like brushing your teeth. The cue might be waking up in the morning, the routine is the act of brushing, and the reward is the fresh feeling in your mouth. This loop becomes so ingrained that we perform the habit almost automatically. The Double-Edged Sword Habits can be both beneficial and detrimental. Positive habits, such as regular exercise, reading, or healthy eating, can lead to improved well-being and success. On the other hand, negative habits, like smoking, excessive drinking, or procrastination, can hinder our progress and damage our health. The key to leveraging the power of habits is to understand how they work and to consciously shape them. This begins with self-awareness identifying which habits serve us and which ones hold us back. The Keystone Habit, A Game Changer Not all habits are created equal. Some habits, known as keystone habits, have the power to trigger a cascade of positive changes across various aspects of our lives. Exercise is a prime example of a keystone habit. When people start exercising regularly, they often find themselves eating healthier, being more productive, and feeling more confident. By focusing on developing a single keystone habit, you can create a ripple effect that transforms multiple areas of your life. Identifying and nurturing such habits can be a strategic approach to achieving lasting change. The Process of Habit Change Changing habits isn't about willpower; it's about strategy. Here are some steps to help you harness the power of habit:
By Ellen J Williams2 days ago in Motivation