Speculative

Speculative fiction could be thought of as a pretext for many discoveries today. The best example is science fiction by Jules Verne. When he wrote Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, the world did not know about submarines and other elements of technology that appeared, for example, a waterproof monitor. Furthermore, the first robots appeared in the narratives of E.T.A Hoffman and in stories for children by Lyman F. Baum in the 19th century. Also, in one bad dystopian novel in the 21st century, for the first time, a character appears that carries headphones in the ears, which are a common occurrence today.

Science fiction is of an educational character, a genuine intellectual pleasure that draws us into imagination and prepares us for the future (?). Arthur C. Clarke said reading SF is training for anyone who wants to think ten years in advance.

Yet, a paradox lies in the name "science fiction" that operates in the speculative, always in-between utopia and dystopia.

Utopia emerged in the 19th century and dealt exclusively with the research of the challenges of biological and social levels. Here are the themes: How can women have children without men? A world for women? A world of absolute social equality? Gender-neutral children? Parthenogenetic reproduction? Dystopias introduced alien invasions, zombies, etc.

The problem occurs in utopia and dystopia with their aspirations for the knowledge needed to be part of one community; include moral meanings; offer universal answers; but rarely talk about themselves. The pure utopian or dystopian genre is never autoreferential. Because thus undoing the ideas that have been determined and for the sake of which it arises. Utopia and dystopia introduce science about society, people, the past, or the future. There is no possibility that it offers the „truth“ indirectly and within the language, but rather in a directive way.

The 19th century brought out a flood of utopian literature strongly inspired by the Enlightenment, and faith in a better world to come with science and discoveries. Utopia makes promises! On the other hand, dystopia warns of the promises of utopia.

The meaning of dystopia is no good place. Throughout history, there was a misunderstanding about the meaning of the word "utopia", so it was attributed as „ a good place of ", while in fact, the true meaning of the word utopia is „ a place that does not exist “.

The dystopia indicates undesirable and terrible symptoms: dehumanization, totalitarianism, destruction of nature, and abuse of technology. A dystopia is always a dystopian society that is undesirable from our perspective. Utopia and dystopia always refer to the things happening here and now. They go hand in hand. Why do we have a torrent of dystopian literature today? Another question is about the possibilities to write a utopia today. Writing of utopia is ironic (but grave) self-deception. In one interview, Margaret Atwood was asked a similar question, to which she retaliated with the question: „What are you going to do with people who disagree? What will you do with people who disagree with someone's utopian vision? Kill them or jail?! But utopia disagrees with such treatment of people! “

Speculative fiction must have a „ feeling for the strange “, in which pragmatism with materialism can communicate with transcendental and speculative!

For example, showing a man in the lab must precisely introduce characters with a purpose, circumstances of the origin and the history of a particular idea. Then, give answers on how this will behave strangely and newly, how to act, what are possible (mis)uses, and how this will be reflected in some development of humanity.