Discussion on effective methods of construction engineering quality and safety management

The quality and safety management of construction projects must do a good job in daily safety management, construction quality supervision, and a sound management system. In the construction practice of construction projects, effective management measures must be taken according to the actual situation to ensure the quality of construction projects.

1 The importance of construction quality and safety construction

Under the market economy, the competition of construction enterprises follows the competition mechanism of survival of the fittest. Only by becoming bigger and stronger in the market economy can enterprises win the competition, and project quality is the magic weapon for winning and the key factor for winning customers. Construction enterprises only Only by ensuring the quality of the project can we obtain a broader development space and realize the improvement of operating efficiency. In addition, the basic safety construction technology is not only conducive to ensuring the construction quality, but also can reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, which plays an important role in reducing the operating costs of construction enterprises and promoting the improvement of operating efficiency.

In the implementation of basic safety construction technology, safety construction is put in the first place. It is in line with the concept of people-oriented construction. At the same time, it also takes into account the construction benefits. It is a scientific construction method. For construction enterprises, the backward construction methods should be changed. Innovation can create favorable conditions for the development of enterprises, and the basic safety construction technology conforms to the construction concept of construction enterprises in the new era, which is of great significance to promote the development of enterprises.

In addition, judging from the current architectural forms, urban buildings are mostly high-rise buildings. The construction period of high-rise buildings is long, the construction content is large, the management is difficult, and safety accidents are prone to occur. Technical management cannot guarantee construction safety, so it is necessary to do a good job in construction quality control and basic safety construction technology management.

2 Current status of construction quality construction and safety control management

2.1 The professional quality of construction personnel needs to be improved

The rapid development of the construction industry has led to an increase in the number of relevant employees. Due to factors such as the large amount of construction projects, long construction periods, and difficult work, most of the construction personnel are migrant workers who have not received professional training. Its professional level is limited, and its education level is not high. It is difficult to fully and thoroughly absorb the imported advanced and scientific construction technology in a short period of time, and then it reflects a relatively low comprehensive quality. The construction technology used in the specific construction lacks standardization, and there will be irregular operations, which will affect the quality of the project to a certain extent, and even lead to potential safety hazards in the project. If a safety accident or quality problem occurs, it will not only damage the The economic benefit of the enterprise will endanger the life safety of the construction personnel, and also adversely affect the development of the social economy.

2.2 The construction plan lacks rationality

The housing construction project itself has a long construction period and high technical requirements. If you want to ensure the high-quality implementation of the housing construction project and the reliability of the construction quality, you must rely on a high-quality construction plan to make it reasonable and operable. . During the construction process of the current housing construction project, the relevant personnel did not systematically investigate and analyze the geological conditions, hydrology and other factors in the proposed area, and only adhered to a single technical or economic index consideration, which made the rationality and scientificity of the housing construction project construction plan difficult. Warranty, which affects the reliability of the quality of work.

2.3 Unreasonable selection of construction materials

In the decision-making stage, design stage and construction stage of a construction project, the selection and application of materials can have an impact on the quality of the project. Wood, concrete, cement, steel bars, sand and gravel, and prefabricated parts used in different structures are all determined during the construction process. The materials to be used, no matter what kind of materials, if they are not reasonably selected and used in the construction process, will inevitably have an impact on the quality of the project. The drawings should be strictly designed according to the requirements of the project construction, and the required building materials should be properly proportioned to avoid cutting corners, and the corresponding budget work should be done well. Only after the building materials are inspected and qualified can they be allowed to enter the construction site. Witness sampling and testing of materials should be carried out: under the witness of the engineering supervision unit or construction unit, the construction unit randomly selects samples from the construction site according to relevant regulations, and sends them to a testing agency with corresponding qualifications for testing.

2.4 Responsibilities lack clarity and supervision measures are difficult to implement

A comprehensive analysis of the safety accidents that have occurred in recent years shows that most of the construction units did not clarify the responsibility for construction safety management in a timely manner, did not fully implement safety management measures, and buried some hidden dangers for on-site construction. In order to do a good job in supervision from the essential level, it is necessary to further improve the division of on-site responsibilities, effectively implement supervision measures, and promote the orderly implementation of housing construction projects.

3 Optimization strategies for quality and safety management of construction projects

3.1 Increase the strength of drawing optimization and joint review

In the actual construction process of housing construction projects, the construction drawings guide the follow-up practice to ensure the effective implementation of construction operations in all links. Combined with the actual situation of the project, do a fine-grained audit work, determine relevant problems, and make timely optimization and adjustments. In the process of drawing design optimization, the following tasks need to be fully done: First, designers need to actively conduct on-site inspections. Before the formal design, it is necessary to comprehensively inspect the construction site, and the design work can only be carried out after a detailed understanding of the site, so as to ensure that the drawing design is in line with the actual situation. Second, designers need to fully coordinate with other units, such as quality control personnel and construction personnel, to fully ensure that the design drawings are more reasonable and reliable. Third, increase the joint review of drawings. Joint review of drawings is a powerful measure to ensure the quality of construction drawings. The core purpose is to review the drawings, grasp their internal layout in a timely manner, and conduct systematic inspections from multiple perspectives for the currently completed design drawings to avoid unreasonable drawings that affect construction quality. , thereby reducing the frequency of subsequent construction changes and ensuring construction efficiency and quality.

3.2 On-site electricity safety

The use of equipment and environmental lighting on the construction site requires power support. For this reason, the construction site needs to temporarily build a power system, store and use various electrical related equipment in the site environment, and lay out power lines. The power system on the construction site is usually a temporary power system, and compared with conventional power use, the risk of temporary power use is higher. Defects in electricity safety may cause accidental power outages, interruption of equipment operation, electric shock, casualties, etc. In order to prevent electricity accidents, we should proceed from the three dimensions of personnel, facilities and systems. In terms of personnel, safety education should be carried out in advance to learn the knowledge of safe electricity use, ensure that all employees master safety warning signs, standardize electricity use methods, clarify the dangers of illegal operations or illegal use of electricity, and teach the significance of safe electricity use through real cases. At the subjective level, improve safety construction awareness, increase personnel safety knowledge, and reduce electricity safety accidents caused by human factors. In terms of facilities, the construction of temporary power consumption system should be improved to ensure standard construction and equipment installation in accordance with the construction requirements of power facilities on the construction site, and build a safe temporary power consumption system. Warning signs should be used as standard, safety slogans should be posted, and special warning measures should be taken for high-risk areas. In terms of systems, announcements, notices, etc. are issued to explain the requirements for standardized operations, increase penalties for violations of regulations, and strengthen institutional constraints. Appoint power system construction personnel with professional quality that meets the requirements, strengthen daily inspections, regularly and comprehensively check for temporary power system defects, eliminate faults, and ensure that the system is in good condition. For example, safety color codes should be used on the outer part of the electric box, the number of the electric box should be set according to the regulations, and the locks should be locked in accordance with the regulations, and a special person should be responsible. Temporary power consumption information should be managed in archives, and handover information should be registered during maintenance and data handover to strengthen accident prevention.

3.3 Formwork construction safety

Formwork construction is a large-scale engineering part of on-site construction. In this construction, it is necessary to build support structures, build load-bearing frames, etc. The construction operations shall be carried out according to the construction drawings, and the drawings shall be reviewed comprehensively and strictly. During the review of drawings, formwork specifications, formwork materials, and relevant information of the support system should be clarified, joint treatment requirements should be determined, the situation of horizontal bars should be understood, and the internal structure design should be clarified. During the construction process, the drawings are compared to dynamically monitor the operation process. Timely discover and deal with differences between actual construction and design drawings, and adjust construction operations. The support structure at the bottom of the pole should be built according to the load of the upper layer. The load capacity of the formwork pole should be ≥ 2 layers of columns. When padding the bottom of the column, bricks or brittle materials of similar quality should be used instead of wood with good toughness. Pad material, etc. In order to improve the overall stability of the column, scissors braces and horizontal supports should be built when building the column. For poles exceeding 2m, two horizontal support structures should be constructed. When constructing the formwork poles of the full hall, the reinforcement construction method should be used to set up horizontal supports. The number of horizontal supports to be added should depend on the height of the pole. If the height of the pole is increased by (1.5-2.0) m, one horizontal support should also be added simultaneously. The column spacing calculation should be accurate. For example, when the column material is Φ48 steel pipe, the footing spacing should be ≤1m.

3.4 Create a safe environment and strengthen safety control

To implement the construction safety management of housing construction projects, it is necessary to actively create a good safety environment to promote more standardized and standardized operations. In the formal practice process, the following aspects are recommended as entry points: (1) Strictly implement the safe and civilized construction system . For the current construction safety management of housing construction projects, civilized construction has clear requirements and norms. During the implementation, all parties need to fully implement, and gradually implement various system measures to promote the reliability and safety of various operations; (2) actively Introduce information security management assurance measures. Corresponding video control devices are added to the entrance and exit of housing construction projects, and advanced technology is used to remotely control and monitor them dynamically through computer platforms; the implementation of QR codes is pasted on helmets to monitor the actual wearing status of personnel safety protection devices, and do a good job Personnel self-protection gates; the face recognition system does a good job of real-name system management, and dynamically manages on-site personnel; (3) Do a good job of safety inspection. The essence of construction safety management of housing construction projects is to prevent problems before they happen, and it is necessary to actively eliminate various safety factors. As the most direct way to avoid safety accidents, systematic inspection should fully implement the dynamic inspection system, combined with the implementation of relevant standards for actual production inspection, Dynamically grasp various hidden dangers of construction safety, and propose powerful solutions to ensure the final actual rectification effect.

3.5 Pay attention to the control and management of hazard sources

The source of danger is the root cause of accidents. Before the construction project is launched, the construction unit needs to fully consider the possible problems in the construction according to the scale and characteristics of the actual project. List the existing hazards, make statistics on the hazards that may lead to safety accidents, and formulate specific solutions for them. Professionals can be organized to monitor the construction site in real time before construction. And set up an emergency organization, allocate emergency resources in place, carry out comprehensive emergency drills and special emergency drills regularly in combination with the actual situation, in order to prevent major accidents of mass casualties and injuries, and then ensure the smooth progress of the construction project.

3.6 Strengthen material management

In order to ensure construction safety and construction quality, construction materials need to be strictly controlled. First of all, it is necessary to enhance the safety awareness of material-related personnel and procurement-related personnel so that they have a strong comprehensive quality and demonstrate an excellent professional level in their work; secondly, in the procurement process, the quantity of materials should be strictly in accordance with the construction requirements. , brand and specification procurement; finally, for the selection of supply channels, suppliers with high reputation, stable and reliable supply capacity and good material quality should be selected. In addition, it is also necessary to strictly control the entry process of materials, and improve the professional skills and level of quality inspectors so that they can fully understand and master the characteristics of new materials. Finally, the supervisors will verify the material specifications, brands, and quantities, record the specific time of entry and exit, and conduct regular inventory to ensure the accuracy of the accounts.

3.7 Construction emergency safety management

The construction unit should fully understand the actual conditions of the project, formulate corresponding emergency plans, and establish a security network in emergency situations. Once a dangerous accident occurs, the operator can respond quickly and report the accident in time according to the specific conditions on the site. When conducting emergency safety training for personnel entering the site, it is necessary to analyze relevant cases of accidents, so that in the face of construction emergencies, construction personnel can make correct emergency safety responses. In addition, for those who can handle accidents in time and correctly during emergency safety training or in emergency situations, enterprises should formulate a reasonable incentive system to commend their outstanding performance. During the training process of construction engineering emergencies, attention should be paid to mobilizing the participation enthusiasm of employees to ensure that all staff can correctly handle emergencies and minimize personal casualties and property losses in accidents.

3.8 Improve the quality management mechanism

In the construction engineering market, if you want to occupy a place, you must be superior in management. First of all, it is necessary to take into account safety management while ensuring the quality of construction, and promote quality improvement while ensuring safety. The two influence, restrict and promote each other. The more aspects involved, the more factors will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve a series of systems such as quality management mechanism, safety management system, employment mechanism, and reward and punishment mechanism. Only in construction can management problems be found, and only in management can a perfect mechanism be established. Therefore, management and mechanism establishment must be mutually promoted and grown.

People-oriented is the basis for establishing a system, and people are the framers and executors of the system. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the management of people in the construction management process of the project, mainly in the links of stimulating motivation, providing platforms, fair treatment, and clear rewards and punishments. While the system is being implemented, pre-job training and accountability should be done well. In the process of management, regardless of the position, they are treated fairly, and problems are treated equally, and rewards and punishments are clearly defined. Any small link cannot be ignored, so as to avoid small hidden dangers causing major disasters and affecting the overall quality of construction projects.