Main structure detection and case analysis of construction engineering

1 Quality inspection and supervision methods for the main structure of construction projects

The inspection work of the main structure of construction work is relatively complicated, and it is necessary for the construction enterprise to effectively manage the specific work to ensure the effective implementation of the inspection work. The engineering project management department needs to supervise all aspects of the inspection work to ensure that the detailed work is effectively implemented one by one. The quality inspection and supervision of the main structure of a construction project is mainly carried out through the following procedures. First, in the preparatory stage of quality inspection and supervision work, a supervision team needs to be established. In the process of detecting the main structure of the project, the situation is complicated, and it needs to be dealt with flexibly according to the actual situation, but the omissions caused by being too casual should be avoided. For the testing samples, it is necessary to strictly follow the quality testing standards and carry out targeted brake testing programs for specific work. Only when an effective program is established can the supervision team effectively manage the quality inspection supervision work according to the specific program. Second, the supervision team determines the supervision ideas according to the requirements of the relevant quality inspection standards and specifications, and draws up the detailed supervision plan according to the quality inspection plan. The planning strategy needs to be discussed jointly by the supervision team and the quality inspection team. After the content of the supervision plan is finally clarified, the specific plan will be issued to each supervisor to implement specific supervision arrangements and supervision responsibilities. At the same time, it is also necessary to inform the construction team of the quality inspection requirements and supervision plan, so that they can clarify the quality requirements and supervision measures, carry out construction in strict accordance with the quality inspection standards during construction, and cooperate with the supervision and management work to ensure that the quality inspection and supervision and management work is in place . In addition, the quality inspection work can be completed by inviting a professional inspection expert team to formulate a detailed professional plan for the main structure inspection work of the construction project to improve the quality inspection work level. Third, the completion acceptance stage of construction projects is very important. The key point is to separate the quality inspection and quality inspection work. This is because the inspection methods of the two tasks are different. The inspection and acceptance is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the inspection and ensure quality inspection. For the rationality of the work, the supervision team generally conducts inspection and acceptance alone. Once there are deficiencies in the detection work, they can be discussed by the supervision team.

2 Significance of the quality inspection of the main structure of the building

The quality inspection of the main structure of the building can identify and judge the quality problems and potential safety risk factors in the construction of the construction project in advance, so as to deal with them reasonably and ensure the comprehensive improvement of the construction quality of the construction project. The construction scale of modern construction projects is large and the construction period is long. The construction quality is easily affected by various factors and there are many hidden quality and safety problems. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt scientific and reasonable testing methods and technologies to carry out systematic and accurate quality testing of the main structure of the building, and to discover potential quality problems in a timely manner. In addition, combined with the inspection report, it can help construction personnel and management personnel to comprehensively grasp the construction problems, and provide a basis for the optimization and improvement of the construction plan; through the reasonable application of the main structure quality inspection technology of the building, it can help the management personnel to summarize the management problems , so as to optimize the construction management plan and further enhance the management level of the overall construction engineering industry.

3 Main methods of on-site inspection of main structure of construction engineering

3.1 Appearance and dimension inspection

Appearance inspection, as the name implies, is that inspectors conduct preliminary quality inspections by observing the appearance of construction projects based on their own experience. During the observation project, inspectors need to check whether the exterior of the main structure is cracked or falling off, the final completion of the building structure, whether there is any discrepancy between the material selection and the initial planning plan, whether the selection of structural materials and the force of the structure meet the quality specifications, all of which are appearance The working range of detection. In the process of quality inspection of construction projects, the key point is to carefully observe the relevant conditions of the main structure. For the appearance inspection of construction projects, it is necessary to check the appearance of the frame of the main body and the size of each part of the main structure one by one. For some concrete components, focus on checking whether there are more intuitive problems, such as concave-convex surfaces, inclinations, etc., or even holes or concrete cracks. Concrete appearance inspection work is checked through the details of the project appearance. In addition, concrete size inspection is also very important. The size of concrete-related structures should be inspected, including elevation, axis size, and cross-sectional size. Appearance and dimension detection methods usually use steel rulers for measurement. In the process of measuring with a ruler, it is necessary to control the error as much as possible to reduce the excessive error caused by improper measurement operation. During the appearance inspection, if obvious problems are found, such as concrete erosion, key records should be made in the inspection catalog to indicate the specific location of the problem.

3.2 Detection of the strength of steel bar material

Steel bars are the bones of buildings, and some steel bar materials are easily hidden by building components, making it difficult to find quality problems in time. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the quality inspection of steel bar material components during construction. When inspecting the reinforced structure, it is first necessary to conduct a detailed review of the materials such as the factory qualification mark and the quality inspection report certificate of the reinforced material; before entering the site, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of the building structure and the construction environment. and differentiated detection methods, and ensure the rationality of quality evaluation standards. In the specific inspection, it is necessary to select appropriate parts for sampling inspection, especially for those key components, difficult construction, and relatively fragile links. In actual testing, it is necessary to focus on testing structural stability, hardness, elasticity and other elements. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out welding tests on steel materials to check their welding strength to avoid quality problems during the welding process. In addition, the ultrasonic flaw detection method can also be used to detect its welding strength.

3.3 Concrete detection

Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in construction projects, and its inspection work mainly includes material inspection and strength inspection. First of all, the main thing is to test the materials, such as cement and sand and gravel, which are made into concrete. The quality needs to meet the relevant standards before they can be accepted. The testing at the completion stage ensures that the gradation of concrete raw materials and the performance of sand and gravel are tested in accordance with regulations. Secondly, it is necessary to effectively control the slump to ensure that the slump meets the quality requirements. Finally, if the concrete material can play an effective role in the building, it is necessary to improve the strength inspection, check whether the concrete strength meets the engineering standards, conduct sampling inspections on the concrete pouring position, and focus on inspections of the process quality.

3.4 Testing of compressive strength of masonry mortar

When testing the compressive strength of masonry mortar, the penetration method is generally used. Place the penetrometer horizontally; install the nail on the nail holder of the penetrator; tighten the nail holder with a wrench and other tools to maintain stability; turn the wrench to the direction of the handle, and at the same time use the crank to reinforce the nut to ensure Hook tightness; ensure that the flat head and the center of the mortar joint are aligned, and are kept perpendicular to the surface of the masonry mortar, then turn the wrench to ensure that the measuring nail enters the mortar, and then the inspector needs to measure the penetration depth. In the specific operation, it is necessary to take out the measuring nail, clean up the dust in the measuring hole, and measure the penetration depth; the data measured by this method has high accuracy and can truly reflect the compressive strength of the masonry mortar.

3.5 Compressive strength testing

For the safety performance of the engineering structure, the concrete compression test should be done well. Compressive strength is usually determined using the rebound method and the coring method. The rebound method is to use the rebound tester to detect. When the impact rod touches the concrete surface and produces a rebound, the compressive strength is determined according to the rebound value and carbonization depth; the higher the rebound value, the higher the strength of the concrete surface. The coring method means that the inspector uses the coring equipment to drill the core sample from the concrete during the detection process, and uses the concrete pressure testing machine to test the compressive strength of the concrete core sample. This detection method is relatively accurate, but the disadvantage is that it will cause local damage to the concrete structure to a certain extent, which will affect the overall stability of the concrete. Although the core drilling method is an effective detection method with strong representativeness and can reflect the real situation of the concrete structure to the greatest extent, this method is not used much in the detection of engineering structures, and many detection equipment are involved in the detection process , the detection cost is high.

4 Conclusion

To sum up, through the application of the quality inspection technology of the main structure of the building, the quality and safety problems in the construction of the construction project can be discovered in time, and the basis for the adjustment and improvement of the construction plan and construction organization planning can be provided, which can not only guarantee the quality of the construction project At the same time, it can also promote the construction management ability of the overall construction engineering industry and promote the sustainable development of the entire industry. In the specific inspection work, it is necessary to combine the specific construction environment, construction engineering characteristics and other factors to select appropriate quality inspection techniques and methods to ensure that the inspection results can truly reflect the main structural problems of the building, including appearance structure, concrete compression resistance, etc. Strength and other tests also include the quality of steel reinforcement, the thickness of the protective layer, and the quality of the internal structure of the weld.