Common irregular verbs, basic spelling ruler, short forms

Common Irregular Verbs, Basic Spelling Rules, and Short Forms

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Recognize and use common irregular verbs.

2. Apply basic spelling rules in writing.

3. Understand and use short forms (contractions) in everyday English.

1. Common Irregular Verbs:

Irregular verbs do not follow the regular pattern of adding -ed to form the past tense. Here are some common irregular verbs:

| Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle |

|-----------|--------------|-----------------|

| go | went | gone |

| have | had | had |

| make | made | made |

| take | took | taken |

| come | came | come |

| see | saw | seen |

| know | knew | known |

| get | got | gotten/got |

| give | gave | given |

| find | found | found |

Exercise 1:

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

1. Yesterday, I ___ (go) to the store.

2. She has ___ (see) that movie three times.

3. We ___ (make) a cake for the party last night.

4. He ___ (take) the bus to work every day last year.

5. They have ___ (give) us their old furniture.

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2. Basic Spelling Rules:

a. Doubling the Final Consonant:

When a one-syllable word ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (e.g., run -> running).

b. Changing 'y' to 'i':

When a word ends in 'y' preceded by a consonant, change the 'y' to 'i' before adding a suffix, except if the suffix begins with 'i' (e.g., happy -> happier, but play -> playing).

c. Dropping the Final 'e':

Drop the final 'e' before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (e.g., make -> making), but keep the 'e' if the suffix begins with a consonant (e.g., make -> maker).

Exercise 2:

Apply the appropriate spelling rule to the base words in parentheses to fill in the blanks.

1. She is ___ (run) very fast.

2. He is the ___ (happy) person I know.

3. We are ___ (make) cookies for the bake sale.

4. She enjoys ___ (play) tennis on weekends.

5. They are ___ (study) for their exams.

3. Short Forms (Contractions):

Contractions are shortened forms of words where an apostrophe takes the place of missing letters. Here are some common examples:

| Full Form | Short Form |

|-----------|------------|

| I am | I'm |

| You are | You're |

| He is | He's |

| She is | She's |

| It is | It's |

| We are | We're |

| They are | They're |

| I have | I've |

| You have | You've |

| He has | He's |

| She has | She's |

| It has | It's |

| We have | We've |

| They have | They've |

Exercise 3:

Rewrite the sentences using the correct short forms.

1. I am going to the park.

2. You are my best friend.

3. He is not feeling well today.

4. She is going to the store.

5. They are coming over for dinner.

Homework:

1. Irregular Verbs Practice:

Write ten sentences using the irregular verbs from the list provided. Use at least five different verbs, and make sure to use both past simple and past participle forms.

2. Spelling Rules Application:

Choose five additional words that follow each of the spelling rules discussed (doubling the final consonant, changing 'y' to 'i', and dropping the final 'e'). Write a sentence for each word in its new form.

3. Short Forms in Writing:

Write a short paragraph (5-7 sentences) about your weekend plans using at least five different contractions. Highlight the contractions in your paragraph.

Example Homework Responses:

1. Irregular Verbs Practice:

1. She went to the library yesterday.

2. They have seen that movie already.

3. We made dinner together last night.

4. He has taken the test twice.

5. I knew the answer to the question.

2. Spelling Rules Application:

1. Running: She is running a marathon next month.

2. Happier: He looks happier today than yesterday.

3. Making: We are making a model volcano for science class.

4. Playing: The kids are playing in the backyard.

5. Studying: They are studying for their final exams.

3. Short Forms in Writing:

This weekend, I’m going to visit my grandparents. We’re planning to go hiking if the weather is nice. My brother says he’s excited about it too. They’re cooking a big dinner for us on Saturday. I’ve missed them a lot, so I can’t wait to see them. We’ve got a lot of catching up to do!