What is a solar eclipse—and when is the next one?

A solar eclipse is a rare and awe-inspiring natural phenomenon that occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking out some or all of the Sun's light. Solar eclipses can be partial, annular, or total.

Partial solar eclipse

A partial solar eclipse occurs when the Moon only partially blocks the Sun's disk, casting a shadow on part of the Earth. The Sun appears as a crescent or a bite has been taken out of it.

Annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is too far away from the Earth to completely cover the Sun's disk, leaving a ring of sunlight visible around the Moon. This is sometimes referred to as a "ring of fire" eclipse.

Total solar eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon completely covers the Sun's disk, plunging the Earth into darkness. The only light visible is the faint corona, the Sun's outer atmosphere. Total solar eclipses are the most spectacular type of solar eclipse, and they can only be seen from a narrow path on the Earth's surface.

How solar eclipses occur

Solar eclipses occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned in a straight line. This alignment can only occur during a new moon, when the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark.

The Moon's orbit around the Earth is elliptical, meaning that it is not perfectly circular. This means that the Moon's distance from the Earth varies throughout its orbit. When the Moon is at its closest point to the Earth (perigee), it can completely block out the Sun's disk, causing a total solar eclipse. When the Moon is at its farthest point from the Earth (apogee), it cannot completely block out the Sun's disk, causing an annular solar eclipse.

When is the next solar eclipse?

The next total solar eclipse will occur on October 14, 2023, and will be visible from a narrow path that crosses North America, Central America, and South America. The next annular solar eclipse will occur on October 14, 2023, and will be visible from a narrow path that crosses Africa, Asia, and Europe.

How to safely view a solar eclipse

It is important to never look directly at the Sun, even during a solar eclipse. The Sun's rays are very bright and can damage your eyes. The only safe way to view a solar eclipse is to use special eclipse glasses or a solar filter.

Eclipse glasses and solar filters block out the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) rays, while still allowing you to see the eclipse. You can purchase eclipse glasses and solar filters from most astronomy stores and online retailers.

If you are unable to obtain eclipse glasses or a solar filter, you can safely view a solar eclipse by projecting the Sun's image onto a screen. To do this, you will need a telescope or binoculars with a solar filter, and a white screen. Place the solar filter over the front of the telescope or binoculars, and project the Sun's image onto the screen.

Conclusion

Solar eclipses are rare and awe-inspiring natural phenomena that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. By following the safety tips above, you can safely view a solar eclipse and experience the wonder of this amazing celestial event.

Additional information about solar eclipses

Solar eclipses can last for several minutes, depending on the type of eclipse and the location of the observer.

Total solar eclipses can cause a number of unusual atmospheric effects, such as a sudden drop in temperature and a darkening of the sky.

Solar eclipses have been studied by astronomers for centuries, and they have helped us to learn more about the Sun and its structure.

Solar eclipses are also important to many cultures around the world. In some cultures, solar eclipses are seen as a time of spiritual renewal or transformation.

How to prepare for a solar eclipse

If you are planning to view a solar eclipse, it is important to prepare in advance. Here are a few tips:

Check the path of the eclipse to see if it will be visible from your location.

Purchase eclipse glasses or a solar filter well in advance.

If you are using a telescope or binoculars to view the eclipse, be sure to purchase a solar filter.

Practice safely viewing the eclipse before the day of the event.

Arrive at your viewing location early to avoid the crowds.

Be prepared for hot weather and other potential hazards.