James Webb Telescope Just Announced First Ever, Real Image Before Big Bang

When you launch a $10 Billion telescope to deep space you should be

prepared to have some of your long

Health theories about the universe

challenged scientists knew this but was

still surprised by the James Webb Space

telescope's latest Discovery what

happened before the Big Bang what has

the jwst discovered about the big bang

and how does it affect astronomy as we

know it stay tuned as we dive into the

James Webb Space telescope's discovery

of what happened before the Big Bang

do you know the Big Bang many people do

especially if they're a fan of the

popular TV show with the same name

however the recent findings hit by the

jwst H into what happened before the Big

Bang but first what exactly happened

during the big bang and how did it bring

us here according to this Theory the

universe started as a very hot dense and

Tiny point of matter and energy which

then rapidly expanded and cooled down

this expansion and cooling process

created the conditions for the formation

of assam's stars galaxies and other

structures that we observed today The

Big Bang Theory is supported by several

lines of evidence such as Hubble's Law

this is the observation that distant

galaxies are moving away from us and the

farther they are the faster they recede

this implies that the universe is

expanding and that it was smaller and

denser in the past the rate of expansion

can be used to estimate the age of the

universe which is currently about 13.8

billion years

Cosmic microwave background radiation

CMB

this is the faint glow of radiation that

fills the entire Sky which is a remnant

of the intense heat and light that

filled the early Universe the CMB has a

very uniform temperature of about 2.7

Kelvin with tiny fluctuation that reveal

the density variations in the primordial

plasma the CMP also shows that the

Universe was opaque to light until about

380

000 years after the big bang when assams

formed and allowed light to travel

freely

abundance of primordial elements

this is the observation that the

universe is mostly made of hydrogen and

helium with traces of our other Light

Elements like lithium beryllium and

Boron these elements were produced by

nuclear fusion reactions in the first

few minutes after the big bang when the

temperature intensity were high enough

for nuclei to form the relative amounts

of these elements agree with the

predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis

a theory that describes how matter was

created in the early universe

Galactic Evolution and distribution

this is the observation that Galaxies

have different shapes sizes ages and

compositions depending on their location

and history galaxies are not randomly

distributed in space but form clusters

and super clusters that are connected by

filaments of matter these structures

reflect how matter has clumped together

under Gravity over time forming stars

and galaxies from smaller fluctuations

in density the oldest galaxies are found

near the edge of our observable universe

while younger ones are closer to us

what really happened before the Big Bang

one of the most exciting and difficult

problems in cosmologies what happened

before the Big Bang The Big Bang Theory

outlines How the Universe originated in

an extremely dense and hot State then

expanded and cooled over time it does

not however explain what produced or

preceded this initial state or whether

such a question is even relevant there

are various plausible explanations that

scientists have proposed for what

happened before the Big Bang among them

are

the big bounce

this Theory holds that our universe is

part of a cyclical process in which a

prior Universe collapsed into a

singularity and then bounced back into a

new one this cycle may have been

repeated an endless number of times the

big bounce could be caused by Quantum

processes gravity or other spatial

Dimensions the egg parotic scenario

which proposes that our universe arose

from the Collision Of Two Brains which

are tiny sheets of matter and energy

that reside in a higher dimensional

region the Collision sparked a burst of

inflation a rapid expansion that

smoothed out our universe's initial

circumstances the brains could Clash on

a regular basis resulting in the

creation of numerous universes

the pre-bigbang scenario

this is the theory that our universe

developed from a condition of low energy

and high curvature into a state of high

energy and low curvature this transition

included a period of super inflation

which magnified Quantum fluctuations and

transformed them into seeds for Cosmic

structures the pre-big bank scenario is

based on string theory which is a

framework that unites all natural forces

and particles

the no boundary proposal

this is the theory that our universe has

no boundaries in space or time and that

the Big Bang is a smooth Zone when the

universe's size becomes very small the

no boundary proposal describes the

beginning of the cosmos as a Quantum

fluctuation from nothingness using

quantum physics a wave function that

encodes all potential histories

determines the structure and attributes

of the universe and it's important to

note that these possibilities are not

mutually exclusive and they may be

compatible or complementary in some

cases now finding out how a universe

grew up is one of the biggest science

goals the jwst and with its latest

Discovery it's found the earliest

proto-galaxy cluster ever discovered

just 650 million years after the big

bang in theory the universe has a

hierarchy of how things develop the

universe was almost completely uniform

in the early phases of the hot big bang

all matter and the energy were dispersed

at uniformly throughout space with small

one part in 30 000 perturbations are

overlaid above that uniform background

these oscillations are caused by Cosmic

inflation which preceded and established

the big bang and they exist on all

Cosmic scales tiny intermediers and huge

but because matter and radiation

interact and the universe expands the

smallest scale fluctuations are washed

out the intermediate scales have Peaks

and valleys in weather density

fluctuations are enhanced or suppressed

and the largest at Cosmic scales are

unaffected this information is contained

in the big Bang's residual glow the

cosmic microwave background where it may

still be seen today the overdent regions

then begin to gravitationally develop

while the underdense portions that give

up their matter and energy to their

denser surroundings despite the fact

that gravitation is an infinite range

Force gravitational growth does not

occur evenly throughout the Universe the

important thing to understand is that

gravity like are the messages in the

universe does not reach everywhere

instantly but is instead restricted by

the speed of light if you have an

overdense region in space it can attract

matter that is nearby in a certain

amount of time but matter that is 10

times as distant will take at least 10

times as long probably more given that

the universe is expanding to feel the

gravitational attraction from the same

object the longer it takes for

gravitational pull to begin the larger

and grander the cosmic scale from Star

clusters to galaxies to groups and

clusters of galaxies and Beyond and then

once a large-scale region experiences a

gravitational attraction several events

must occur before a bound structure

forms all of which take time as it moves

away from the gravitational over density

Center the receding matter must slow

down to cause a gravitational collapse

The overdent Zone must reach a critical

mass roughly 68 more than the average

density the large-scale structure must

then stop declining reverse orientation

and begin collapsing and then finally

we'll have a bound object sub-components

that are all part of a larger bound

large-scale structure on a smaller scale

molecular clouds of gas dust atoms and

dark matter are the first formations to

collapse giving rise to the first stars

and star clusters and while the most

common of these are over dense regions

may take 200 to 250 million years to

collapse the earliest ones to do so that

is those with the greatest initial

over-dense conditions may be able to do

so in as little as 50 to 100 million

years now as stars form they emit

radiation and winds which creates

incomprehensibly complex environments

making it difficult to predict any

details about these early structures as

these are early clumps of massage or

more matter into them they also find and

merge with one another forming the

universe's first massive galaxies we've

detected richly evolved galaxies as

early as 320 million years after the big

bang and the limits of what jwst has

observed so far with many of these early

ones being huge rich in heavy elements

and teeming with continuing star

formation jwst was fully expected to

discover these objects there is still

reason to believe that jwst's

capabilities will disclose populations

of totally Immaculate stars as well as

even earlier galaxies on the broader

Cosmic scale however this messy physics

plays a little to no role on the size of

individual galaxies however one must

contend with continuous star production

huge star winds and radiation Stellar

deaths and cataclysms cooling into

infall of gas and other atom-based

matter mergers and nutrition ionization

and the interaction of dark matter with

normal matter but when it comes to the

creation of Galaxy clusters these causes

play a very tiny impact instead the

formation of Galactic groups and Galaxy

clusters is largely determined by three

well-known factors the universe's

expansion is fully determined at all

Cosmic times once we know what's

actually in the universe the magnitude

of the initial over density on the

relevant Cosmic scale which allows us to

compute any such object's rate of

gravitational growth and how that

gravitational increase progresses over

time taking into account the relevant

interplay of multiple Cosmic scales all

of that messed up stuff that happens

inside a Galaxy sometimes it derisively

referred to as a gastrophysics has no

effect on the creation and growth of

Galaxy clusters only gravity matters now

prior to jwst there were a variety of

methods for exposing these galaxies

Masters throughout Cosmic history the

simplest and most straightforward method

was to identify large numbers of

galaxies that existed in the same field

of view at identical redshifts distances

to one another but with a significant

velocity dispersion galaxies within the

cluster moved at speeds of several

hundred or even a few thousand

kilometers per second relative to one

another this method made it simple to

discover nearby Galaxy clusters like

coma and Virgo Galaxy clusters that are

heated such as by the Collision of

fast-moving gas clouds or by intensive

star formation processes release x-rays

throughout the intergalactic medium

within the cluster leaving and

identifying signal if we probe them with

the appropriate wavelengths of light

these x-ray producing clusters are

useful not only for identifying clusters

but also for learning about their masses

gas contents and merger histories and

finally Galaxy clusters have been

revealed by the collective effects of

their Gravity the dominant strong and

weak gravitational lensing a massive

Galaxy cluster will be distinguishable

from a set of unclustered galaxies

because of the lensing features caused

by intracluster matter a mass within the

cluster that exists between the

individual galaxies CL

j1001 plus zero two two zero identified

through his X-ray emissions and whose

light we see 2.7 billion years after the

big bang is a relatively nearby mature

Galaxy cluster that contains 17 distinct

galaxies more than half of which are

Starburst at galaxies forming stars

named massive burst that spans the

entire galaxy galaxy clusters on the

other hand do not begin as mature

objects but rather evolve from an

unformed condition through a

proto-cluster phase to identify the

first such objects we must seek

proto-clusters of galaxies groups that

haven't yet heated up their gas enough

to emit x-rays a survey using the

premier ground-based Observatory such as

Subaru Keck and Gemini revealed two very

distant collections of several galaxies

in the very early Universe one

consisting of 44 galaxies at a redshift

of 5.7 corresponding to an age of 1 1

billion years after the big bang and

another consisting of 12 galaxies and a

redshift of 6.6 corresponding to an age

of 800 million years after the big bang

these Proto clusters were the first

examples of groups of galaxies in a

comparable location in space with their

speeds and masses showing that they are

definitely in the process of becoming

gravitationally linked and may have

already crossed that threshold

scientists fully expected to break this

Cosmic record with the jwst's

unparalleled Cosmic Vision stretching at

the earliest known cluster back to

unimaginable times however it was

expected that this would take some time

because robustly identifying Galaxy

clusters typically necessitates the

coexistence of two sets of observations

first you'll need a wide field

photometric survey that can cover a

large enough area to identify Galaxy

cluster candidates galaxies whose colors

are consistent with them all being very

distant and the same distance there are

three more surveys by the jwst that shed

more light on the Big Bang Jade the jwst

advanced deep extra Galactic survey

glass which examined the deeply lens

Galaxy cluster Abel at 2744 and Sears

the cosmic Evolution early release

science survey have all already

published their findings with Sears

discovering four galaxies in the same

narrow area of sky at the same distance

redshift of 4.9 corresponding to a Proto

cluster just 1.2 billion years after the

big bang however within the glass field

where the effects of a magnifying

foreground Galaxy cluster Abel 2744 are

added the potential for going even

deeper about and as luck would have it

end as far as we can tell it is truly

just luck seven independent Galaxies

have been discovered in the same region

and spectroscopically confirmed to be at

the same redshift 7.8

which corresponds to a Time 650 million

years after the big bang the earliest

proto-cluster of galaxies ever

identified the cluster's name at least

for the time being is quite long

a2744

z7p9od because it was discovered in the

lenting field of Abel 2744 or

a2744 at a redshift of 7.88 which rounds

to 7.9 hence the z7 P9 a part of the

name and its redshift was confirmed

through the detection of doubly ionized

oxygen in each of these seven member

galaxies leaving it unclear whether the

OD part is at for the oxygen detection

or because this Proto cluster represents

an over density the Hubble Space

Telescope previously examined this

galaxy cluster which revealed over 130

times the average number of galaxies

inside a fairly tiny region of space

which includes this newly detected Proto

cluster the most intriguing Galaxy

candidate from the Hubble research

however was designated yd4 and it now

turns out through spectroscopy to be a

redshift of 8.38 indicating that it's

not a member of this Proto cluster but

rather he's still more distant

background object this work not only

reveals the most distant known

proto-cluster or galaxies in the

universe to date but it also emphasizes

how crucial it is to detect and

spectroscopically validate all of the

distant Galaxy candidates that we

anticipate will belong to a single

entity the previous Hubble analysis

predicted a considerably larger more

expensive proto-cluster than exists

there are only roughly 24 times the

number of galaxies in this cluster

rather than the previously anticipated

130. some of the galaxies discovered

were not associated with the Proto

cluster but rather were found elsewhere

along the line of sight furthermore some

candidate galaxies still lack Spectra

emphasizing the importance of observing

them the authors also attempted to

quantify the mass and velocity

dispersion how fast galaxies move

relative to one another within this

Proto cluster and discovered something

remarkable the aggregate mass of the

seven member galaxies is approximately

400 Million Suns which is nearly the

mess the present Milky Way and therefore

places a lower limit on the mass of the

Proto cluster it should have expended to

at least five thousand times their size

by now or to the mass of the modern day

coma cluster and while the estimated

velocity dispersion of 1100 kilometers

per second is highly uncertain it

appears to be remarkably consistent with

known high mass Galaxy clusters now the

jwst again shocks scientists when it

discovered a tiny early Galaxy packing a

big star-forming punch the reason was

that with the Galaxy dating back to

about half a billion years after the big

bang the Galaxy could be a key to

understanding how the cosmic Dark Ages

came to an end the galaxy known as RX

j2129 z95 may be viewed at a redshift of

9.51 that number which refers to the

extent to which the light of the galaxy

has been stretched by the expansion the

universe indicates that we are seeing it

as it existed only 510 million years

after the big bang RX

j2129z95 is extremely faint due to its

great distance however the gravitational

lending effect of a massive foreground

Galaxy cluster called

rxj2129.6 plus 0005 which is located

about 2.5 billion light years from Earth

along the same line of sight boosted its

light the gravity of the 150 trillion

solar mass cluster magnified and split

the light of

rxj2129 z95 into three pictures

jwsts in near spec instrument confirmed

the Galaxy's redshift as well as strong

emission from high hydrogen into oxygen

gas clouds within the

rxj2129z95 and some of this Galaxy's

exceptional features have been revealed

by these emission lines in the Galaxy's

Spectrum however

rxj2129z95 is only

105.6 light years across compared to our

Milky Way galaxies 100

000 light year diameter or even current

dwarf galaxies that span at several

thousand light years and yet despite

having a thousand times less the volume

of the Milky Way

rxj2129z95 has the same rate of star

formation as our galaxy implying that it

is much more intense the jwst is

discovering that such high star

formation rates are a pretty common

feature of galaxies in the early

Universe although

rxj2129z95 is out of the ordinary even

for high redshift galaxies the star

formation rate is similar to other high

redshift galaxies confirmed with near

spec the radius of the Galaxy is at

least three times smaller than those of

other galaxies this means a ton of star

formation is compressed into a very

small volume the fact that all of these

early galaxies are small despite their

tremendous Luminosity supports the

prevalent hypothesis of hierarchical

Galaxy formation which predicts that

smaller galaxies form initially then

merge and develop into larger galaxies

like the Milky Way in addition the team

discovered no indication of an active

supermassive black hole at the center of

rxj2129z95 this could be significant

since this galaxy exists near the end of

the cosmic Dark Ages when radiation

ionized much of the universe's huge

ocean of neutral hydrogen gas one of the

most pressing mysteries in cosmology has

been what caused the end of the Dark

Ages was it radiation from hungrily

developing black holes or enormous

bursts of star formation if RX

j2129z95 is common the lack of an

evident black hole could indicate

radiation from plentiful Bright Young

stars as the primary force in bringing

the Dark Ages to an end however the

amount of ionizing radiation produced by

rxj2129z95 has yet to be Quantified if

there is a substantial population of

similar galaxies then perhaps they play

a key role in the ionizing Photon budget

speculated one astronomer so more

observations of galaxies are similar

redshifts are needed but with the jwst

already confirming a handful of very

high redshift luminous galaxies and much

more likely to follow astronomers will

soon have a large sample to draw from

another shocking discovery made by the

jwst includes six galaxies that are too

massive for their sizes the space

Observatory discovered six huge galaxies

that existed between 500 million and 700

million years after the universe's Big

Bang according to when you study the

Revelation is fundamentally upending

previous beliefs about the birth of

galaxies in a statement research

co-author Joe layer assistant professor

of astronomy and astrophysics at Penn

State University said these objects are

way more massive than anyone expected at

this point in time they're expected to

find only tiny young baby galaxies but

they discovered galaxies as mature as

our own in what was previously thought

to be the dawn of the universe the James

Webb Telescope views the universe in

infrared light which the human eye

cannot see and is capable of detecting

dim light from ancient stars and

galaxies The Observatory can literally

see back in time up to around 13.5

billion years by pair ring into the

distant Universe this discovery that

massive Galaxy formation occurred

extremely early in the history of the

universe challenges what many

astronomers thought was settled science

due to this they have jokingly dubbed

these objects Universe Breakers the

galaxies are so huge that they

contradict 99 of models of early

galaxies in the universe implying that

scientists must reconsider how galaxies

begin and evolve according to current

understanding galaxies originated as

Tiny clouds of stars and dust that

developed throughout time Leia explained

that they looked into the very early

Universe for the first time and they had

no idea what they were going to find but

it turned out that they discovered

something so unexpected that it actually

causes problems for science because it

calls into question the entire picture

of early Galaxy formation when the web

data and the telescope's first

high-resolution images were released a

land his colleagues began analyzing them

the galaxies showed its enormous point

of light the team was astonished to see

them so surprised in fact that they

assumed they had interpreted the data

incorrectly however upon guessing the

data they began modeling and attempting

to figure out what they were because

they were so large and bright the first

assumption was that they had made a

mistake and would just Discover it and

well move on with their lives however

despite their best efforts they have yet

to discover that error now taking a

spectrum photograph of the galaxies

which include splitting light into

multiple wavelengths to identify various

elements and estimate the true distance

of the galaxies is one technique to

understand why the galaxies developed so

swiftly the data from spectroscopy would

provide a more thorough look at the

galaxies and their enormous sights a

spectrum will tell scientists right away

whether or not these things are real it

will explain how big they are and how

far away they are it's also feasible

that the Galaxy is detected with the

jwst's data are something totally else

layers said that this is their first

look back this far so it's critical that

they keep an open mind about what they

see while the data suggests they are

most likely galaxies there is a real

possibility that a few of these objects

are obscured supermassive black holes

regardless though the amount of mass

discovered means that the known massive

stars at this time in our universe is up

to 100 times greater than previously

thought even if the sample is cut in

half this is still a remarkable change