Russia reveals high-resolution radars that can be installed on ships

A representative of the company told the Russian agency "TASS": "The new Sola radar developed by our company to monitor space objects can be installed on ships as well. We can change the dimensions of these radars to be suitable for working on ships without losing their technical characteristics."

He added, "The range of the Sola radar reaches 6,000 km in the S-band. The antennas in these radars are developed with active phased antenna technology. These radars can detect an object of one square meter at a distance of 6,000 km, and they can detect an object with a diameter of only 10 cm at a distance of up to 1,500 km." to talk.

And the Russian company Almaz-Antey had shown the new "Sola" radar at the "IDEX-2023" exhibition that was held in Abu Dhabi, and indicated earlier that the antennas of this radar are installed on mobile disks, which allows to increase the monitoring area, and the work of these radars can be controlled. also remote. Source: Russia's weapon

Scientists: the first horsemen of the world are the people of the Caspian steppe civilization

Scientists at the University of Helsinki believe that man mastered horseback riding at least 4.5-5 thousand years ago.

European and American anthropologists discovered the first evidence that representatives of the civilization of the northern Black and Caspian Sea regions were the first horsemen in the world, as they mastered the art of riding horses at least 4.5-5 thousand years ago, after they had domesticated horses. This was announced Friday, March 3, by the press service of the Finnish University of Helsinki.

Volker Heid, a professor at the University of Helsinki, said: "We discovered that the art of horse riding appeared after the domestication of horses in the plains of western Eurasia in the fourth millennium BC. This is confirmed by a large number of our discoveries that we have made within the hills of the civilization of the North Caspian and Black Sea regions." He explained that Its age ranges from 4.5 to 5 thousand years.

According to current scientists' assessments, mankind first domesticated the horse around 4.5-5.5 thousand years ago. Meanwhile, many researchers assume that humans first bred the horse in order to obtain meat and milk, and only then began to use it as a horse. Historians believe that his ancestors were Tarpan horses or Przewalski's horses (the famous 19th-century Russian traveler), but in 2018, geneticists discovered that the horses originated from wild Botai horses that lived in modern-day northeastern Kazakhstan.

Professor Hyde and his colleagues found that the first horse riders were representatives of the so-called "Yemenaya" civilization, who inhabited the Black Sea and Caspian steppes about 5-7 thousand years ago. These ancients are now considered the ancestors of all the Indo-European peoples who now inhabit Europe and Asia, which draws to this ancient civilization the interest of leading scholars.

These considerations prompted European and American anthropologists to study the traces of 5 representatives of the "Yemenaya" civilization, which were recently found in burial mounds in Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. And they lived on earth about 4.5-5 thousand years ago in the era of the mass spread of the tribes of this ancient people across eastern Europe. Over its lifetime, including damage to the sacral vertebrae, hip joints and other bones often found in modern nomadic tribesmen and professional horse riders. In addition, scientists have found several possible horse bite marks on the bones of ancient Eastern Europeans.

This discovery forced scientists to analyze the structure of the bones of another 150 representatives of the "Yamenaya" civilization, which were found in different regions of Europe during the past few decades. Subsequent examination of these remains showed that a quarter of them had the same injuries identified during the study of the skeletons of 5 men from burial mounds in Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary.

According to Professor Head and his colleagues, this indicates that the ability to ride horses was widespread among the representatives of the "Yemenaya" civilization 4,500-5,000 years ago. For this reason, the researchers conclude, it can be hypothesized that mankind learned to use horses as a riding and draft animal following their domestication. Source: TASS

The latest tests make an important discovery about the Ryugu asteroid!

Ongoing efforts to decipher the chemistry of an asteroid sample have revealed the purest-ever collection of organic molecules, lending evidence to theories that suggest biology has its roots in space.

And it has been more than two years since material from the surface of the asteroid Ryugu was transported to Earth in a sealed capsule. Since then, researchers from around the world have worked together to study its composition in order to better understand how it fits with the evolution of our solar system.

These latest findings underscore the links between the carbon-based compounds found in chondrites that crashed to Earth's surface, and the chemistry of the asteroids from which they came.

And by looking at the similarities and differences between the Ryugu samples and carbonaceous chondrite meteorites on Earth, scientists can take a new look at the meteorites in our collections. In other words, samples of actual asteroids are useful in confirming hypotheses created from parts of them reaching the surface of our planet shortly after passing through the atmosphere.

"Previous analyzes have revealed organic molecules within carbonaceous chondrites, but until now, we haven't been able to tell whether these primordial ejecta differ from those found in On asteroids or not. Our work on the Ryugu samples provides the first direct link between the organic matter in chondrites and that in asteroids."

Often called the building blocks of life due to the role they play in sparking life into existence, the newly identified molecules include several types of amino acids that combine to make the proteins that organisms depend on for existence.

In all, about 20,000 organic molecules were identified in just 5 grams (0.18 ounces) of the material. These include organic compounds such as carboxylic acids, amines, and aromatic hydrocarbons; Compounds that are closely related to a wide range of important molecules throughout the living world.

The results support the idea that the ingredients necessary for the generation of life came to our planet in a truly complex form through asteroid collisions. How this organic dust might combine into a kind of refined chemistry remains a matter of debate, but knowing space provides the right conditions for the formation of many related compounds gives scientists a good start to experiment.

Since these asteroids are essentially leftovers from when the solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago, they can also teach us a lot about the early moments of our planet's formation.

With certain chemical determinants - including how much water is present - scientists can try to determine when and where Ryugu formed, giving us a snapshot of conditions at a particular stage in the solar system's evolution.

"At least some of the organic material in the Ryugu samples predates the formation of the Sun and formed in very cold conditions," says geochemist George Cody of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC.

These new studies show the usefulness of probes that collect material from asteroids, such as the Hayabusa2 spacecraft that extracted rocks from Ryugu. And unlike meteorite samples, this dust and rock was not affected by any weathering factors as it is exposed to soil, water and air.

Moreover, trying to analyze an asteroid in space is also difficult — not least because it moves very quickly and reflects little light, which limits the readings the instruments can get. In the laboratory, more time and attention can be given to extracting data from these materials.

"In the past, our research was limited to studying space rocks that came to us by crashing into Earth," says Cody. "With Hayabusa2, we were finally able to go to a carbon-rich asteroid and compare it to meteorites that reach Earth."

Both papers are published in Science. Source: ScienceAlert

The Russian Armed Forces receive color-changing camouflage suits and a military composite armored suit

Vladimir Drobyak, general manager of the private Russian company "Storm" for science and production, said in an interview with the Russian "Novosti" agency that a double-sided camouflage kit has been prepared for the Russian army.

One side of it is devoted to the region of the Russian Far North, and the other to the central region.

He added, "We have developed three options for camouflage suits in different colors, and this year we will finish work on preparing the fourth camouflage kit for the Russian army personnel who perform their duties in both the Far North and the central climatic zone alike, and this camouflage group will soon undergo government tests, and then it will start The process of supplying them to the Russian armed forces.

Drobiak explained that due to the wide range of natural and climatic regions in Russia, it is impossible to adopt a single camouflage for military personnel that can be used in all regions, so Sturm found an unusual solution, creating a military suit that colors each side differently. Meanwhile, both sides ("face" and "wrong side") work the same way.

It is noteworthy that the Russian company "Storm" was established in 2001 in the town (Belomut) in the Moscow region. One of the company's main areas of work is the development of camouflage systems for military personnel, one of which has been delivered to the Russian Armed Forces as part of the "Ratnik" uniform of the future soldier.

In addition, the Russian army and special forces use four types of protective armor vests developed by the company.

Sturm's general manager also announced that his company had developed a new military suit for the Russian soldier, some of whose components may perform the functions of the protective armor vest. Source: Novosti