Most important facts

well I hate to break this to you but

money isn't actually made of paper which

also proves that money doesn't actually

grow on trees most banknotes are 25

linen and 75 cotton which is why they

have such a distinct look and feel back

in the 19th century money was made of

parchment paper that's why people could

very easily counterfeit it unlike now

the Eiffel Tower is almost six inches

taller during the summer when you heat

up some substance its particles start to

move more actively and take up a bigger

volume that's something they call

thermal expansion when the temperature

lowers the substance contracts again

such an effect is more prominent in

gases but you can also track it in

liquids and solids including iron

because of this people build large

structures like Bridges using Expansion

Joints they allow a structure some

leeway to expand and contract and such

changes don't cause any damage wow I

have some pants like that now honey can

last for thousands of years without

going bad bees land on flowers to

collect sugary nectar then they

transport it back to their hive and

transfer to other worker beams these

bees reduce the water content of the

nectar by repeatedly drinking and

regurgitating the liquid bee barf

special enzymes in their stomachs break

down the glucose in the nectar and it

becomes more acidic bees deposit this

nectar in the honeycomb and start

Fanning it with their wings so that the

water evaporates more quickly the honey

is now highly acidic and low in water

content which keeps it safe from

spoiling the bacteria that can cause the

rest of the food to go off can't survive

in such conditions now a long time ago

people didn't Elevate their mattresses

off the floor this practice started in

ancient Egypt and continued in many

other cultures people realized it was

cold on the floor and they could warm

their beds easier if they were off the

ground houses used to be more drafty

cold air came in from under the doors

there was no central heating so people

had to find other ways to stay warm warm

air tends to rise and if you're

positioned higher you won't be as cold

as on the floor also this way people

could keep their beds clean more easily

in simple homes floors used to be way

dirtier than today and all that dirt

usually migrated into beds continuing

now to talk dirty do you think people

are naturally clean and tidy after all

our ancestors who lived thousands of

years ago already used latrines and were

tidying their hair with Combs and they

kept their homes and themselves clean

our natural need for hygiene and

cleanliness is driven by our sense of

disgust that's the very mechanism that

helps our body stay safe and protects

them from different infections that's

why we're more sensitive to certain

smells and things but we still have some

pretty sloppy habits for example eating

snacks over a keyboard ew I certainly

never do that but there are animals that

are even neater than us humans for

example rattlesnakes like to keep their

surroundings tidy some of them even use

their muscular necks and triangular

heads to sweep aside messy grass when

they hunt

many animals like to clear their path

when going after their future meal

reptiles too less vegetation increases

their chances of catching food

songbirds also prefer to keep it neat

and get rid of uneaten food eggshells

and other trash in their nests this way

they also make their homes less visible

to their enemies meanwhile out in space

Shadows are darker on the moon than on

our planet that's because the atmosphere

on Earth scatters more sunlight but if

you could visit the moon you'd observe

Shadow so dark you wouldn't be able to

see where you were going also you'd

notice fresh footprints on the lunar

surface people haven't set foot there in

a few decades but the footprints look as

if they were left just yesterday

since there's no water or wind on the

moon nothing can erase these Footprints

so they stay there in their original

form for millions of years so be careful

where you step huh

Earth's core contains enough gold to

coat the entire planet and if you

decided to do this the level of this

precious metal would be knee-high for

thousands of years people have been

mining gold and platinum together with a

bunch of other precious metals from

underneath our planet surface that's why

we have depleted some of the minerals in

certain areas but Earth still has a huge

number of such deposits especially if

you get closer to its core that's

because of countless meteorites that

collided with our planet During the

period of its formation those meteorites

contain different minerals including

gold back then Earth was still in its

molten state which is why most of the

gold a heavy element sank deep into its

core and the silicate mantle positioned

over the core trapped really huge

amounts of gold and some other minerals

unfortunately most of them are kind of

Out Of Reach now since we talk about

1800 miles below the surface and

temperatures of thousands of degrees too

hot in other words sure if you were

about to go into space one of the first

things you'd think of would be your

spacesuit but do you know that it's

possible to survive in space even if you

aren't wearing any protection well don't

get your hopes up yet you'd last for no

more than 15 seconds that's how long it

would take you to lose Consciousness

because oxygen will stop coming to your

brain in 1965 one technician

accidentally depressurized his suit

inside a vacuum chamber he lost

Consciousness after 12 to 15 seconds 27

seconds later his suit luckily got

repressurized the man later said that he

remembered the moisture on his tongue

started to boil he also lost his sense

of taste and it didn't come back until

four days after the accident now you

can't hold your breath in space either

so that won't save you your lungs will

rupture at one point because the air

inside will expand the oxygen in other

parts of your body will start to expand

too which means you will balloon up to

twice your regular size almost like

Dudley dursley's and Marge from Harry

Potter well not quite you won't explode

only thanks to your elastic skin it will

keep holding you together and the

liquids in your body will start

vaporizing pretty quickly too doesn't

that sound Pleasant no

the ocean has its iconic blue color

thanks to sunlight when the sun shines

the water absorbs longer orange and red

wavelengths of light and reflect shorter

blue light waves this is only possible

when there's a huge amount of water so

the more water you have in one place the

Bluer it becomes that's why the water

you pour in your glass has nothing in

common with this beautiful ocean blue

color

the ocean performs many important

functions for one thing it produces 50

to 80 percent of all the oxygen on our

planet which means it keeps us alive but

it also helps the internet to function

so when you're laughing at a fuddy dog

video or binge watching your favorite

series yup thank the ocean for that the

majority of the cables that power the

internet and therefore allow people from

all over the world to use it run

underwater those are submarine

Communications cables miles and miles of

wiring crisscrossing the ocean floor

there are special bows for putting all

that in place they're designed

specifically for that purpose to make

sure nothing damages the cables and your

internet people need to put them on

relatively flat stretches of the ocean

floor the cables also need to be away

from old shipwrecks or large ocean

ecosystems some of these cables have a

special coating that protects them from

damage this way no hungry shark or

curious fish have a chance to munch on

the wiring

now trees talk well not exactly like

people do but they have their own way of

communication their roots are connected

through an underground network of fungi

that Network got its name of the wood

Wide Web

thanks to this network trees can share

resources with one another that's how

they talk they use these fun guide to

transmit nutrients and water from One

Tree to another for example there's a

mother tree or another tree that's

stronger and older than others in the

forest so it shares some of its

nutrients and sugars with small trees

growing nearby thanks Mom now look at

all these insects flying around on a

nice sunny day do you think they get

sunburned well those has been most of

their time in the open don't they have

dark exoskeletons that contain melanin

that's how they block UV rigs but

insects that live underground and in the

water or nocturnal creatures have paler

and thinner skin if they spend too much

time outside during the day they can

indeed get sunburned or even worse they

could get eaten

squirrel's teeth never stop growing but

the animals wear them down by gnawing on

nuts and other hard Foods the front of

the rodent's teeth is actually Orange

it's because they're covered in special

tough enamel bet you're glad you don't

have that to deal with some bird species

don't mind munching on Chili Peppers

that's because they can't feel the heat

Peppers burn your mouth because they

contain a special chemical capsaicin but

birds don't have the taste buds needed

to feel its effects the rhino's horn is

made of hair or at least the same

protein that makes up your hair and

nails this protein is called keratin

such a horn is kind of unique since

other animals have horns with a bony

Center

the Woodpecker can Peck the wood 20

times per second this pace is almost too

high for the human eye to notice how

much wood would a woodpecker peck if a

woodpecker could peck wood the number of

packs often reaches a total of eight

thousand to twelve thousand a day

a starfish does Have Eyes one on the end

of each of its arms these eyes are light

sensitive groups of cells

frogs don't need to drink water instead

they have an area known as the drinking

patch it's on their bellies and thighs

they use it to absorb water directly

through the skin well that could save

some time

most caterpillar species have around 4

000 muscles in their body and almost 250

of them are in the head Alone Christmas

tree worms are much more beautiful than

you can imagine but even though the

Pines look awesome two-thirds of the

worm's body is hidden in a calcium

Carbonite tube and the point of this is

now I don't have one

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narwhal's famous Tusk are actually their

teeth that are kind of turned inside out

horns of the sea have just two teeth and

in males one of them grows right through

their upper lip unlike your teeth this

one is tough inside and sensitive and

soft on the outside

the anteater doesn't have teeth but it's

not a problem this creature has a super

long tongue this tongue helps the animal

lap up more than 35

000 termites and ants every day now

that's one way to lick hunger

the flea can jump more than 200 times

their body length if humans had such an

ability they would jump as high as the

Empire State Building woohoo the

red-eyed tree Frog's eggs can hatch

earlier if they sense their environment

isn't safe

small animals with Fast Metabolism see

in slo-mo this helps them Escape larger

creatures

koala's fingerprints are very very

similar to the human ones sometimes

these animals fingerprints even get

confused at crime scenes probably in

Australia

the hippo sweat is pink and not exactly

sweat it's a reddish oily fluid its

function is to not cool the body but to

moisturize the skin and protect it this

fluid also functions as an antibiotic so

you get sunburn or cut you can smear a

hippo all over you

polar bear skin is black and the hairs

of their coat are Hollow and almost

see-through these animals have fur

growing even on the bottom of their paws

this gives them a better grip on ice and

protects against coal

some species of tarantulas some of the

largest spiders in the world can live

without food for more than two years I

still think they're creepy

platypuses close their eyes while

kissing I mean swimming they have

special folds of skin covering their

ears and eyes they prevent water from

getting inside these animals nostrils

also have a watertight seal emus can't

walk backwards but scientists aren't

sure why these flightless birds are the

only ones that have calf muscles

emus can Sprint really fast they can

also travel long distances but they

can't back up

crocodiles can't move their tongue

because it's attached to the mouth roof

it keeps the throat closed and protects

the animal's Airway

water snakes dolphins whales alligators

crocodiles and turtles and drown it'll

happen if they stay underwater for too

long these animals can't breathe in the

water they can just hold their breath

for a very long time

only one species of birds can fly

backwards that's hummingbirds hey go

talk to the Emu these tiny birds can

also beat their wings up to 80 times per

second