The Monsters

“ Black holes are called black holes not because they are black, but because they rudely steal everything in sight.” — Stephen Hawking

Have you ever heard that a beautiful mother gives birth to a monstrous son? That’s exactly how black holes are born. Anything in this universe could be a black hole, such as stars, earth, a car and even you but how? It could be done just by pulling out the space, Now what’s that? It’s as if you have removed every atom from a small box to try to make a perfect vacuum inside. That would be difficult but not impossible. Let’s go back to the previous topic, How does a beautiful mother give birth to a monstrous son? The only thing that keeps a star in balance is nuclear fusion, which creates an opposing reaction to gravity and balance between the pressure is maintained but as time passes the star loses mass and once that equation is broken there’s no energy from fusion, gravity will win. Due to an inexorable victory of gravity, a massive star leads to a black hole. A monster came out of a beautiful mother. The singularity makes it more monstrous, which, according to general relativity, is the cusp of infinite density at the centre. This Stephen Hawking famously said. Black holes contain the seeds of their demise”. Singularity is also impossible to retrospect because it lies inside the event horizon. From outside you can’t tell what is inside a black hole. You can throw a table, mountain or even your worst enemy into a black hole, and all the black hole will remember is the total mass, the state of rotation and the electric charge. John Wheeler expressed this principle as “A Black Hole Has No Hair”

The area outside of a black hole is known as the event horizon, which is also a boundary of a black hole. This is the place where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape it. Falling into a black hole is just like falling down a river fall. when you are far from the edge you can easily get away because the current of the water flow is not so great but if you are at the edge of a river fall, it means you are in serious trouble. Due to the fast current of the water, it pulls you harder and drags you in. It is similar to a black hole. If you fall towards the black hole feet first, gravity will pull harder on your feet than on your head, because they are nearer the black hole. The moment you enter a black hole, you will be stretched out longways and squashed in sideways. If the black hole has the same mass as our sun then you will be torn apart and made into spaghetti before you reach the horizon but rather if you fall into a much larger black hole just like the one in our Milkyway galaxy, you will be able to reach the horizon without any difficulty, so if you want to explore a black hole make sure to choose a big one. However you wouldn’t notice anything particular as you fell into a black hole, someone watching you from the outside will never see you cross the event horizon but instead, you would appear slowing down and hover just outside. Your image would get dimmer and redder and redder and you will be lost forever.

Black Holes Shine!

What comes to your mind when you hear the word black hole? A black circle? But to paint these black holes Stephen Hawking theorized that a black hole may not be so black after all. He combined the laws of quantum mechanics and classical mechanics and found that black holes shine! He found that photons were coming out of the black hole But how did the photons come out of nothing?

As we already know that black holes suck everything in but if they sucked something their mass might be getting bigger and bigger as they consumed stuff but it cannot decrease. As we keep on adding mass the Swarschild radius would also increase because the mass of a black hole is proportional to the Swarschild radius. This was the key for Stephen Hawking to combine quantum mechanics with black holes. For him, it seemed just like the second law of thermodynamics, which is the behaviour of a physical quantity called entropy that measures the degree of disorder of a system. One can create order out of disorder but that requires effort and energy which decreases the amount of ordered energy. A precise statement of this is that the states of the entropy of an isolated system always increase and that when two systems are joined together, the entropy of the combined system is greater than the sum of the entropies of the individual systems. For example suppose there are two containers one contains oxygen and another contains nitrogen, if I combine both containers and remove the separating wall then the oxygen and nitrogen gas would mix, now this would have less order and hence would have more entropy, than two separate boxes.

To explain it more clearly we can use the analogy of a thermal body, known as the black body in thermodynamics. A black body can absorb all the radiation but it also emits thermal radiation, So according to this analogy the black hole must also release some kind of radiation. In 1974 Stephen Hawking published a paper that explained that some matter comes out near the event horizon. He explained that when matter-antimatter annihilation occurs near a black hole, then one of these particles would get sucked into a black hole and another one will be left out. The particle that escapes the event horizon is what makes a black hole shine!

Thank You So Much For Reading!!