Perception

Compiled and Organized by: OLAYEMI.

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Perception and sensation are two distinct processes that work together to allow us to experience and interpret the world around us.

Sensation refers to the passive process of receiving information from the outside world through our sensory receptors, while perception is the active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting that information in the brain.

Our perception of sensations can vary from person to person based on individual differences in learning, memory, emotions, and expectations. While we commonly think of the five senses (vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch), there are additional sensory systems that provide information about balance, body position, pain, and temperature.

Sensory receptors, specialized neurons, respond to specific stimuli and convert sensory information into neural impulses that are sent to the brain.

Perception becomes meaningful when the brain organizes and interprets the information received.

Selective attention and perceptual expectancy play a role in determining what information is deemed important and focused on.

Selective attention involves discriminating between important and irrelevant stimuli, influenced by motivation.

Perceptual expectancy is shaped by past experiences, culture, and biological makeup, influencing how we perceive the world.

Psychophysics is the field that studies how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experiences.

Questions and Answers.

1. What are the two distinct processes discussed in the text?

a) Sensation and perception

b) Perception and interpretation

c) Sensation and interpretation

d) Perception and transduction

Correct answer: a) Sensation and perception

2. How can sensations be defined?

a) The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

c) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: b) The process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

3. What is perception?

a) The process of converting sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

b) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

c) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

d) The conversion of information into meaningful experiences

Correct answer: b) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

4. What is the physiological basis of perception?

a) Sensory receptors

b) Sensations

c) Transduction

d) Action potentials

Correct answer: a) Sensory receptors

5. Why may perception of the same senses vary from person to person?

a) Due to the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

b) Due to the process of transduction

c) Based on individual differences in learning, memory, emotions, and expectations

d) Based on the physiological basis of perception

Correct answer: c) Based on individual differences in learning, memory, emotions, and expectations

6. Besides the five commonly known senses, what are some other sensory systems mentioned in the text?

a) Balance, body position, and movement

b) Temperature and pain

c) Body position and movement, temperature, and pain

d) Balance, body position and movement, temperature, and pain

Correct answer: d) Balance, body position and movement, temperature, and pain

7. What are sensory receptors?

a) Specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli

b) Cells that line the back of the eye

c) Messages relayed to the central nervous system

d) The process of converting sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

Correct answer: a) Specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli

8. What is transduction?

a) The process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

9. When does sensation occur?

a) When the brain organizes information and translates it into something meaningful

b) When sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

c) When sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

d) When information is brought from the outside world into the body and brain

Correct answer: b) When sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

10. When does perception occur?

a) When the brain organizes information and translates it into something meaningful

b) When sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

c) When sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

d) When information is brought from the outside world into the body and brain

Correct answer: a) When the brain organizes information and translates it into something meaningful.

11. What is the role of selective attention?

a) To discriminate between important and irrelevant stimuli

b) To convert sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) To bring information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) To organize and interpret sensory information

Correct answer: a) To discriminate between important and irrelevant stimuli.

12. How is selective attention influenced?

a) By motivation

b) By the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) By the process of transduction

d) By the physiological basis of perception

Correct answer: a) By motivation

13. Which example illustrates selective attention?

a) Students in class focusing on the teacher and the presentation

b) Students walking by the classroom observing the room and the teacher

c) Sensory organs absorbing energy from a physical stimulus

d) Sensory receptors converting energy into neural impulses

Correct answer: a) Students in class focusing on the teacher and the presentation

14. What is perceptual expectancy?

a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) How we perceive the world based on past experiences, culture, and biology

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: c) How we perceive the world based on past experiences, culture, and biology

15. How does perceptual expectancy affect perception?

a) It influences what information is considered important and should be focused on

b) It converts sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) It brings information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) It organizes and interprets sensory information

Correct answer: a) It influences what information is considered important and should be focused on

16. Which example demonstrates perceptual expectancy?

a) A student from OAU expecting to see beautiful lawns and big lecture theatres when visiting other universities

b) Sensory organs absorbing energy from a physical stimulus

c) Sensory receptors converting energy into neural impulses

d) The brain organizing information and translating it into something meaningful

Correct answer: a) A student from OAU expecting to see beautiful lawns and big lecture theatres when visiting other universities

17. What may happen when someone explains the message behind a painting?

a) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

b) The brain organizes the information and translates it into something meaningful

c) Sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

d) Sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

Correct answer: b) The brain organizes the information and translates it into something meaningful

18. What is the term used to describe the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience?

a) Sensation

b) Perception

c) Transduction

d) Psychophysics

Correct answer: d) Psychophysics

19. What is psychophysics?

a) The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

c) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

20. How would you define sensation?

a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) The passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: c) The passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

21. What is the definition of perception?

a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) The passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

22. How many senses are commonly known?

a) Three

b) Four

c) Five

d) Six

Correct answer: c) Five

23. What are the five commonly known senses?

a) Vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch

b) Hearing, smell, taste, balance, and touch

c) Vision, smell, taste, balance, and touch

d) Vision, hearing, smell, taste, and temperature

Correct answer: a) Vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch

24. Besides the commonly known senses, what are some other sensory systems mentioned?

a) Balance, body position, and movement

b) Temperature and pain

c) Body position and movement, temperature, and pain

d) Balance, body position and movement, temperature, and pain

Correct answer: d) Balance, body position and movement, temperature, and pain

25. What are sensory receptors?

a) Specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli

b) Cells that line the back of the eye

c) Messages relayed to the central nervous system

d) The process of converting sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

Correct answer: a) Specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli

26. What is transduction?

a) The process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

27. What happens during sensation?

a) Sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

b) Sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

c) The brain organizes information and translates it into something meaningful

d) Information is brought from the outside world into the body and brain

Correct answer: b) Sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

28. What occurs during perception?

a) Sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

b) Sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

c) The brain organizes information and translates it into something meaningful

d) Information is brought from the outside world into the body and brain

Correct answer: c) The brain organizes information and translates it into something meaningful

29. What is selective attention?

a) The process of discriminating between important and irrelevant stimuli

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) The process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) The organization and interpretation of sensory information

Correct answer: a) The process of discriminating between important and irrelevant stimuli

30. What influences selective attention?

a) Motivation

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) Transduction

d) The physiological basis of perception

Correct answer: a) Motivation

31. Which example demonstrates selective attention?

a) Students in class focusing on the teacher and the presentation

b) Students walking by the classroom observing the room and the teacher

c) Sensory organs absorbing energy from a physical stimulus

d) Sensory receptors converting energy into neural impulses

Correct answer: a) Students in class focusing on the teacher and the presentation

32. What is perceptual expectancy?

a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) How we perceive the world based on past experiences, culture, and biology

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: c) How we perceive the world based on past experiences, culture, and biology

33. How does perceptual expectancy influence perception?

a) It influences what information is considered important and should be focused on

b) It converts sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) It brings information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) It organizes and interprets sensory information

Correct answer: a) It influences what information is considered important and should be focused on

34. Which example illustrates perceptual expectancy?

a) A student from OAU expecting to see beautiful lawns and big lecture theatres when visiting other universities

b) Sensory organs absorbing energy from a physical stimulus

c) Sensory receptors converting energy into neural impulses

d) The brain organizing information and translating it into something meaningful

Correct answer: a) A student from OAU expecting to see beautiful lawns and big lecture theatres when visiting other universities

35. What may happen when someone explains the message behind a painting?

a) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

b) The brain organizes the information and translates it into something meaningful

c) Sensory organs absorb energy from a physical stimulus

d) Sensory receptors convert energy into neural impulses

Correct answer: b) The brain organizes the information and translates it into something meaningful

36. What is the term used to describe the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience?

a) Sensation

b) Perception

c) Transduction

d) Psychophysics

Correct answer: d) Psychophysics

37. What is psychophysics?

a) The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

c) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

38. How would you define sensation?

a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) The passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: c) The passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

39. What is the definition of perception?

a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

b) The conversion of sensory stimulus energy into action potentials

c) The passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain

d) The study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience

Correct answer: a) The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information

40. How many senses are commonly known?

a) Three

b) Four

c) Five

d) Six

Correct answer: c) Five

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