CIRCUMSTANCES

Different meaning could be attached to the word quality under different circumstances. The word

quality does not mean the quality of manufactured product only. It may refer to the quality of

the process (i.e., men, material, and machines) and even that of management. Where the quality

manufactured product referred as or defined as “Quality of product as the degree in which it

fulfills the requirement of the customer. It is not absolute but it judged or realized by comparing

it with some standards”.

Quality begins with the design of a product in accordance with the customer specification

further it involved the established measurement standards, the use of proper material, selection

of suitable manufacturing process etc., quality is a relative term and it is generally used with

reference to the end use of the product.

Crosby defined as “Quality is conformance to requirement or specifications”.

Juran defined as “Quality is fitness for use”. “The Quality of a product or service is the

fitness of that product or service for meeting or exceeding its intended use as required by the

customer.”

The nine fundamental factors (9 M’s), which are affecting the quality of products and services,

are: markets, money, management, men, motivation, materials, machines and mechanization.

Modern information methods and mounting product requirements.

1. Market: Because of technology advancement, we could see many new products to

satisfy customer wants. At the same time, the customer wants are also changing dynamically.

So, it is the role of companies to identify needs and then meet it with existing technologies or

by developing new technologies.

2. Money: The increased global competition necessitates huge outlays for new equipments

and process. This should be rewarded by improved productivity. This is possible by minimizing

quality costs associated with the maintenance and improvements of quality level.

3. Management: Because of the increased complex structure of business organization, the

quality related responsibilities lie with persons at different levels in the organization.

4. Men: The rapid growth in technical knowledge leads to development of human resource

with different specialization. This necessitates some groups like, system engineering group to

integrate the idea of full specia

Inspection is an important tool to achieve quality concept. It is necessary to assure confidence

to manufacturer and aims satisfaction to customer. Inspection is an indispensable tool of modern

manufacturing process. It helps to control quality, reduces manufacturing costs, eliminate scrap

losses and assignable causes of defective work.

The inspection and test unit is responsible for appraising the quality of incoming raw materials

and components as well as the quality of the manufactured product or service. It checks the

components at various stages with reference to certain predetermined factors and detecting and

sorting out the faulty or defective items. It also specified the types of inspection devices to use

and the procedures to follow to measure the quality characteristics.

Inspection only measures the degree of conformance to a standard in the case of variables.

In the case of attributes inspection merely separates the nonconforming from the conforming.

Inspection does not show why the nonconforming units are being produced.

Inspection is the most common method of attaining standardization, uniformity and quality of

workmanship. It is the cost art of controlling the production quality after comparison with the

established standards and specifications. It is the function of quality control. If the said item does

not fall within the zone of acceptability it will be rejected and corrective measure will be applied

to see that the items in future conform to specified standards

1. To distinguish good lots from bad lots.

2. To distinguish good pieces from bad pieces.

3. To determine if the process is changing.

4. To determine if the process is approaching the specification limits.

5. To rate quality of product.

6. To rate accuracy of inspectors.

7. To measure the precision of the measuring instrument.

8. To secure products-design information.

9. To measure process cap