How About the Bermuda Triangle Mystery That Faded Away?
Bermuda Triangle Mystery
what's the most mysterious and blood-chilling place on Earth the first thing that comes to mind is most likely the infamous Bermuda Triangle this area has earned its spooky reputation after swallowing numerous ships and airplanes which then disappeared Without a Trace but is this place really so terrifying let's ask scientists but first I'll tell you a story or two one of the most infamous disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle was Mary Celeste the ship was found adrift in the Atlantic Ocean on December 4th 1872. it was days after its Journey began Captain Benjamin Briggs with his wife and a two-year-old daughter were heading from New York to Genoa in Italy with some important cargo besides the family of the captain there were seven other crew members on board the ship Days Later a British ship day gradia came across Mary Celeste by accident strangely the ship was floating under a partial sail everything on board was intact there was nothing strange with this situation except for one thing there was nobody on board the ship and the Lifeboat was missing there were no traces of people on the ship it couldn't be a pirate attack since all the belongings of the crew as well as the cargo were untouched theories like an undersea earthquake an attack of a giant squid or a natural disaster can be ruled out as well they just don't fit it was a clear day the ship was in perfect condition why would people leave it and never come back whatever the reason neither the crew nor the Lifeboat has ever been found it was November 29 1925 when the SS Cotopaxi left Charleston South Carolina and headed for Havana Cuba carrying a big load of coal and 32 crew members the story has that several days later the steamer ran into a severe storm got water in its hold and started to list dramatically on December 1st the ship sent out a distress call and since then nothing has been heard from the crew ever again the ship was believed to have vanished Into Thin Air until it was found 95 years later foreign scientists found SS Cotopaxi and it turned out there was nothing mysterious about its story at the moment the ship lies at the bottom of the ocean about 35 miles away from Saint Augustine Florida researchers are also sure that the ship did send a distress signal during a storm which most likely led to the sinking of the vessel USS Cyclops was a huge carrier ship that used to supply fuel to the American Fleet on January 8 1918 heavy and full of Manganese ores the ship departed from Rio de Janeiro and headed for Baltimore being only a couple of years old the ship wasn't supposed to experience any problems all 309 people on board felt safe and calm but this feeling turned out to be deceptive because somewhere around March 4th 1918 the ship disappeared Into Thin Air without sending a distress call or indicating it was having problems in any other way in the history of the U.S Navy this case Remains the accident that caused the largest loss of life at a time SS Alfaro was a much more recent disappearance this cargo ship left Jacksonville Florida on October 1st 2015 with 33 crew members and tons of vehicles trailers and containers on board the huge vessel was supposed to deliver its load to Puerto Rico but something went wrong a regular tropical storm that started miles away suddenly transformed into a powerful hurricane that rushed towards El Faro it started to circle around the cargo ship making the communication from The Vessel go silent but the most shocking thing was that after causing all this commotion the hurricane miraculously retreated in the same direction it had come from weeks later after a thorough and extensive search Rescuers finally located the ship it was still in one piece and sitting upright on the bottom at a depth of 15 000 feet but the blood chilling truth was that there was no trace of the crew members on board for airplanes probably the most inexp on December 5th 1945. this case got the name the Lost Patrol Flight 19 was the code name for five planes that departed from a naval base in Florida on a training flight no one knows for sure what happened to the planes but they never returned to the base most experts believe the commander of this group Charles Taylor got lost and led the planes in the wrong direction those were the machines that could land on water so hypothetically after getting low on fuel the pilots could ditch and wait for help rocking on the surface of the ocean but it didn't happen although two rescue Martin Mariner planes were searching the area all through the night and the next day they found no trace of the five disappeared planes but the most spine chilling coincidence was that one of the rescue planes failed to return to the base as well all six planes vanished Into Thin Air as if they had never existed there have been several other plane disappearances when aircraft went off Radars and never returned in some cases Pilots had to send out a Mayday distress call in others they disappeared in the blink of an eye when everything seemed to be going perfectly fine of course over the years there have been loads of theories trying to explain the phenomenon of the Bermuda Triangle for example some researchers believe that ships and planes crash and disappear in the area due to methane gas and it has indeed been proven that in some areas of the ocean floor there are massive storages of this gas therefore when gas gets released into the water the process can sink ships and make planes crash potentially it can happen so fast that a craft in distress doesn't even have time to send SOS [Music] the theory of a wormhole is preferred by those who love sci-fi in short a wormhole is a space-time shortcut while the existence of wormholes hasn't been proven yet this doesn't stop some people from believing that this phenomenon is what causes vanishings in the Bermuda Triangle another sci-fi theory is based on the interface of space civilizations it's quite convenient to blame such disappearances on extraterrestrial forces though why they would choose exactly this area for their abductions remains unknown [Music] waterspouts or simpler tornadoes in the ocean are said to have been spotted in the Bermuda Triangle this weather phenomenon raises water many feet up into the air potentially this can make a ship disappear with ease the human error Theory may sound rather disappointing for those who love mysteries but some are sure that all the crashes and disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle happen due to people's mistakes there are too many confusing islands that are hard to distinguish from one another as well as difficult weather conditions there and now let's see what modern day scientists have to say disappointingly they claim there's no mystery in the Bermuda Triangle whatsoever the loss and disappearance of planes and ships is just a fact of probabilities researchers are sure that there's no evidence that in the Bermuda Triangle mysterious events occur more often than in any other well-traveled large region of the ocean the sheer volume of all that traffic in an area that is pretty hard to navigate gives us such unsettling statistics but on a percentage basis the number of vessels and aircraft missing in the Bermuda Triangle is the same as anywhere else in the world and what theory do you believe.
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Aamir Adam
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What if the moon was closer to Earth
you hear some noise in the street and Rush up to the window to check what caused it you look up at the sky and just stand there speechless the Moon is giant it looks much larger than usual and it's both beautiful and scary so what would your life be like if the moon moved twice as close to Earth as it is now unfortunately it would be quite a catastrophic scenario you see the moon has a pretty strong gravitational pull on Earth's oceans it produces two high tides and two low tides per day but with the moon so close to us the tides would get eight times higher some regions would be completely covered with water during the day the water would only retreat at night many islands and highly populated Coastline territories would become uninhabited because of this many other regions would experience frequent devastating floods but if you think it would be the only consequence let me tell you this the moon also has a tidal effect on dry land that's why if our planet's natural satellite was to suddenly relocate its gravitational pull would increase Making Waves of energy reverberate throughout the planet this would affect earth's crust triggering earthquakes and starting volcanic eruptions now let's leave Earth and the giant moon for a while and have a look at Jupiter's moon EO which is the most volcanically active World in our solar system this volcanism comes from the push and pull from Jupiter's gravity two other moons of the gas giant also have an effect on poor EO that's why eo's surface is littered with hundreds of volcanoes most of them are spewing sulfurous plumes high above the surface of the Moon our planet might face the same fate should the moon move so close to it and that's not all Earth's spin would start to slow down over time look the moon's gravity pulls the oceans and the resulting friction between the water and the ocean floor slows Earth's spin yes Earth is slowing down even now as you're watching this video but this process is almost imperceptible around one thousandth of a second per century if the moon was twice as close to us the rotation of our planet would slow much more making days and nights longer if people managed to survive unexpected earthquakes high tides and volcanic eruptions and got used to longer days and nights they would get an award solar eclipses spectacular events that occur when the moon passes between the Sun and Earth would happen much more frequently since the moon would cover a much larger area in the sky it would pass in front of the sun more often people on Earth would be able to see the sun's outer atmosphere called the corona it would shine beautifully around the silhouette of the Moon such solar eclipses would also last much longer but what if the moon didn't shorten the distance overnight what if it was a much slower and much more gradual process then our planet's crust would shift more slowly Tides wouldn't change so dramatically either this would let living creatures on the planet get used to the new conditions and adjust in time longer days and nights would likely change the climate and animals would have to evolve to adapt to it their eyes would have to change to be able to deal with brighter Moonlight at night prey would have to learn to hide better but Predators on the other hand would have more advantages when hunting but what catastrophe would have to happen to make the moon move so close to Earth well it could be some massive object like a giant asteroid passing very close to the Earth Moon system if the moon was in the way of this space traveler it could take energy from Earth's satellite which would cause the moon to spiral towards our planet Have You Ever Seen The Other Side of the Moon ah I caught you of course not but maybe you've seen it in photos in that case have you ever wondered why the two sides look so different well let me tell you we can't see the other side of the moon people believe this is because the moon doesn't rotate around its axis but this is not true the moon does rotate it just does it at the same rate as its orbital motion this is a particular case of tidal locking called synchronous rotation the first time we ever saw a Far Side was only in 1959 all thanks to the Soviet Luna missions and later the U.S Apollo program now when Luna 3 and other spacecraft transmitted the first Far Side images they revealed a far more cratered hemisphere that looked more like Mercury or Jupiter's moon Callisto it looked completely different from what we were used to and that's when we learn how me the other side is no seriously just look at it the near side can boast it's thinner and smoother crust these beautiful dark splotches are called lunar mare the last remnants of ancient lava flows and when I say ancient I mean it they're more than 3 billion years old meanwhile The Far Side crust is thicker and crater pot the lava flows had almost no effect on these impact craters it's also devoid of any large-scale mare low-key looks like dried white cheese to be honest don't you agree that the nearby side is much more beautiful write your thoughts in the comments so only 50 years ago we learned something about the apparent differences but then the scientists discovered something weird both sides are different even in the geochemical composition and not only in this our side was thinner than The Far Side by several miles but where did such significant differences come from on an ordinary floating Stone own ball for scientists this was a mystery they started coming up with a lot of theories the melted Moon theory was the main one for a while it said that it was the Earth's fault that our moon looks like this this happened several billion years ago the moon was born because of a collision one day an object about the size of Mars crashed into the Earth at that moment a piece broke off from it which later became the moon however this piece was somewhere 15 times closer to Earth than it is now some scientists created pictures of the so-called early mode unlike our cute little white ball the early moan was a strange looking boiling Scarlet ball that piece didn't leave us after the separation it became tidally locked very soon after the Earth after the Collision was still an incandescent nightmare full of fire and lava it was boiling at a temperature of 4 500 degrees Fahrenheit and since the moon has always been turned toward us with one side this side has melted down a little this would explain why the moon's surface the so-called mantle is thinner on the near side than on the far side during the boiling of the earth certain elements evaporated from it they then settled on the moon this would explain the difference in geochemical composition between the two sides but there was a plot hole in this theory if that's what happened then where did rare foreign chemical elements come from such as unusual isotopes of phosphorus potassium or tungsten the nearby site is full of them and they couldn't have come from the earth there were also other theories another one said that initially we had two teeny tiny moons later they merged into a big one hence the difference in their composition but this Theory sounds a bit crazy and it has a plot hole too for example the transition between the two sides is way too soft if our moon was actually two tiny moons this transition would be more abrupt so scientists were kind of at a loss on this one but recently they finally figured out what really happened to the Moon all thanks to NASA's Grail orbiters they spent over a year whizzing around the Moon mapping it out and studying its composition using this data scientists have created around 360 computer simulations they contain different impacting objects of many sizes traveling at different speeds scientists were comparing the results with our current Moon they try to determine which result was the closest to what we have today and so they finally solved this 50 year old mystery the answer lies in a collision with a dwarf planet this Collision occurred 4.3 billion years ago this huge object was slightly larger than series for those who don't know Ceres is one of the dwarf planets of our solar system its diameter is 580 miles you could say that one France or one Germany would fit into it so this giant object crashed into the moon somewhere near the South Pole this Collision was so strong that it changed the image of the Moon forever it left a trail of 3 500 miles behind it would take you 14 hours by plane to fly that distance this crater covered the entire near Side of the Moon it caused damage to the moon's mantle it also created a so-called South Pole Aiken base or Spa Basin this is an impact crater and has a diameter of 1600 miles which is like adding one UK plus one Germany it's important though the formation of this Basin was a defining event in the history of the Moon and it's the second largest impact crater in the solar system the Collision also caused a powerful hot wave to spread across the moon this wave scattered over the remnants of those rare warm minerals scientists found on the nearby side that's how our beautiful side became home to something called procellarum creep terrain or pkt for short this is basically a compositional anomaly a concentration of potassium phosphorus and other rare elements like thorium you can say that those minerals are a gift to us from Deep base anyway there were many and I mean many collisions in the moon's history all of them only deep in this already large crater that's why the mantle on the near side was Getting Thinner and thinner with the ears also our gifted minerals gave off a lot of heat so the mantle has melted a little bit more and more oops this accidentally caused the moons of volcanoes to wake up volcanic activity has increased on the near side intense lava flows filled the old empty craters ta-da and this is how the beautiful lunar mare was born and that's about how it all happened all this information was found thanks to the researchers from Brown Purdue Stanford universities and NASA's JPL the research was published by the Journal of geophysical research planets so you can read about it in more detail if you're interested there are still many things we need to learn about the moon the highest prior priority is the return Mission from the South Pole the Aitkin Basin samples brought from there will be used to determine the age of the Moon its history and the nature of the crust and mantle more accurately another critical Target is the mosque of Jens this is the name of a large lava plane on The Far Side of the Moon studying it will help us better understand the difference between the two sides as well as tell us how the other side was formed all this knowledge is significant for understanding the history of the moon but it's also handy for space exploration in general scientists use the moon as a reference point to determine the age of other planets and entire worlds in Space the moon helps us determine the chronology of the life of the whole solar system so stay tuned for new exciting research and discoveries you're strapped in your seat in the vast open space with Earth behind you getting smaller and smaller all around you are toggles and controls to keep the spacecraft intact you and two other crew members are working hard at those controls out the window you see some meteorites flying by and stars and planets out in the distance you're about to be one of the first people to land on the moon after years of research and testing you have to consider all the steps perfectly otherwise you could face many complications like crashing into a flying asteroid or even being left in the vacuum of space without any way of getting on track research shows that around one-third of all moon landings faced many problems launching towards the moon requires a special rocket traveling at more than 25 000 miles per hour and once in lunar orbit the spacecraft can detach itself from the rocket and navigate its way to the surface of the Moon and land sounds simple right well figuring out the math to land was the reason Landing a human on the moon used to seem like a ridiculous idea but scientists were able to pull it off by studying and observing the flight of helicopters unlike an airplane that needs velocity to take off the large propellers on a helicopter give it a good push to fly around it basically has to twirl with enough Force to lift its own weight from the ground with that in mind we need to consider the gravitational force pulling everything down on Earth the force of gravity is 32 feet per second squared on the moon it's only five feet per second squared so we got landing on Earth figured out for the most part but what about landing on a surface that barely assists you in that there had to be three steps doing all the research and math needed for calculating the proper conditions using a test vehicle to practice it and using a flight simulator to imitate the conditions of the moon's atmosphere Choppers weren't really good references for landing gravity is doing most of the work and the spacecraft looks nothing like a helicopter they needed to simulate a spaceship of only five six the weight of it since the gravitational pull on the moon is weaker than on Earth navigating it under these conditions is vital for when the real thing comes the scientists of NASA decided to get a crane hanger to lift the spacecraft with cables while simulating the flight and Landing kind of like stunt actors in a movie with cables attached them for Action fight scenes but it still wasn't enough to determine if you could actually land properly on the moon without the safety cables to help you they needed proper freedom so it was back to the drawing board they were about to throw in the towel until they came up with a brilliant idea to simulate The Landing conditions on the Moon by installing a sort of detachable Jet fan into the bottom of the spacecraft to keep consistent thrust upwards by doing this they were able to create a scenario where the craft would be five six of its weight on Earth and without the safety cables to hold it but after many trials and errors the only way to see if landing on the moon was possible was by actually doing it so being so far away from Earth you and your team see the moon out your window it's a lot bigger than it looks from Earth its surface fills up the entire window but landing won't be a piece of cake the spaceship has to orbit around the Moon to determine the best time to land and don't worry that's why you have a team for that it can take more than 24 hours to know when and where the perfect place to land is after performing various tests and measurements and once you get the best calculations the actual spaceship detaches from the orbiting one and makes its way downwards this is where the helicopter physics come into play a helicopter needs to Tilt at least five degrees to move forward after ascending from the ground same for going backwards but that's because we have gravity to assist it up above the Moon soaring through the vacuum of space the ship would need to Tilt at least 30 to 40 degrees to move forward as soon as the ship reached a nice spot for landing it would go back to 90 degrees and slowly land on the surface as you get closer you can see the moon's surface just a few feet away this is the tricky part but it's a success the team back on Earth couldn't be happier the crew members are also thrilled about what you've achieved you put on your spacesuit and gear and climb down the ladder you leave your first footprint on the moon and look out at the distance ahead of you the Earth is just a little blue dot far away you're able to bounce around in the near zero gravity Now That's What I Call moonwalking after spending much time on the moon it's time to head back Neil Armstrong the first man to step on the moon spend only about two and a half hours on its surface before returning but oh no you forgot the keys inside the ship and now you're stranded nah just kidding although it would have made a good plot twist you get back and launch the spacecraft back into orbit to reunite with the other ship above you and once you've reattached you exit the moon's orbit and head back to Earth by sending humans to the Moon consistently the next big step can be achieved by landing on Mars the famous exploration rover Curiosity traveled around the surface of Mars and gathered information needed for humans to land there and NASA is aiming to have the first humans up there after 2030. the journey will be hundreds of times harder than the one towards the moon but many scientific questions will be answered once it happens humans may be able to gather some of the natural resources there and even build outposts and colonies there are endless possibilities as well as challenges the journey from the Earth to the Moon is around 250 000 miles Mars is around 35 million miles 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the station has a recreational room for sports and music a library a lounge and even a greenhouse to grow all the right veggies and fruits in fact the greenhouse is the only way you'd get to feel like you're in a rainforest and even before applying there you'd have to get screened to see if you can handle the isolation for months not that you'd be completely alone but still away from civilization Antarctica's whole population consists of scientists and engineers and you need to be examined by a doctor to determine if you're physically fit to stay there the station is built there for scientists to study space in things related to geology being in the biggest desert in the world can take its toll on you when leaving the station you have to wear at least three layers of gloves and extremely thick sweaters and jackets to withstand the cold they even compared stepping on the South Pole to walking on the moon.
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