Climate change effect on global crop production.

Its hard to deny that we’re already feeling the effects of weather change. Extreme heatwave during summer, droughts, intense hurricane and floods is to name a few. As the world temperatures maintain to increase every year, it is not wrong to expect that more challenges will be face by the society, globally.

The most detrimental effect of climate change that many do not realized is the food production crisis, that will be experienced worldwide , as the agriculture and fisheries sector is greatly depending on the weather. For years, Food and Agriculture Organization , FAO, have warned the world leaders of the devastating impact of global warming on food supply, that would lead to food shortage and political turmoil.

Research done by NASA conclude that, uncontrolled released of greenhouse fuel emissions, will negatively affecting global crop yields such as wheat and maize, as early as 2030. Changes in rainfall patterns and volume, higher temperatures, and atmospheric carbon dioxide composition are the parameters that the researcher have focus on, and affecting the important world’s commodity crop. Using computerized simulation model, it is expected that corn production will decrease by 24-25 % as the heatwave will damage the main crop production area that are mostly close to the equator line, like Central America

Wheat, one of the world most important crop, on the other hand, grows broadly in greater temperate areas, just like the Northern America and Canada, North China Plains, principal Asia, Southern Australia, Europe, and Russia. Higher global weather temperatures and better atmospheric carbon dioxide could increase wheat crop yields by as much as 17% however it will be short-lived as the world become warmer, by 2050 or so, and from that point onward, the simulations shows depletion in wheat production and yield everywhere in the world.

Global warming also negatively change the distribution and intensity of pests and diseases. Warmer temperatures can expand the geographical range of certain pests and pathogens, bringing new agricultural threats to region that previously unaffected. A research published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" explains that the spread of crop diseases and pests has been spreading toward the North and South Poles at an exponential rate of close to 2 miles per year, due to warmer temperatures.

Additionally, continuous warmer weather pattern can reduce the effectiveness of control measures for plant pests and diseases, including biological control methods .Other negative effect of warmer global temperature is it lowers the effectiveness of some pesticides, synthetic or organics, but on the other hand, it favors insect carriers of many disease pathogens and natural enemies of pests and diseases. Therefore it is hard to predict the real outcome as depending on the pest or pathogen, elevated global warming may act in a synergic or opposing manner with crop production.

Since action can only be taken upon cycles of pest behavioral changes, it is fear that the solution make come a little too late to some crop. Therefore to mitigate the impact of climate change on plant pests and diseases, while studying the patterns, adaptive management strategies, improved pest management practices, monitoring of climate and pest populations, and the development of predictive models are necessary.

In conclusion, agriculture sector is the victim of climate change that require active solution, not just from world organization and world government's, but should be taken care by the industry players, farmers and as well as the end user and society. The challenge is significant, but we still have the opportunity for change. The future of our planet and our food security depends on our collective action today.