Nepal invaded the Qing Dynasty in its heyday and was defeated by Qianlong, and Hexi was also a hero in the counter-insurgency.
Although the Suzerain-vassal system centered on the Chinese Central Plains dynasties began in the eastern frontier, it ended in the western frontier. In the eyes of historians, the title of "the last vassal state" of the Qing Dynasty is somewhat controversial, one is Kanjuti in Central Asia, because it still paid tribute to the Qing court during the reign of Xuantong, and the other was Nepal. It was not until the British launched the "Ronghepeng Expedition" during the reign of Guang Xu that it was controlled by the British East India Company.