Derinkuyu Underground City
The breathtaking geological formations of Cappadocia
present one of the most astonishing landscapes on Earth. Also known as fairy chimneys, these sturdy stone cones were created by massive volcanic eruptions, which poured countless tons of ash across what would eventually become part of central Türkiye. Over millions of years,
that volcanic fallout hardened into a porous rock known as ignimbrite, which was sculpted by centuries of wind and rain into the colorful spires we see today. But this impressive terrain hides an equally remarkable feat of pre-modern engineering: a network of extensive underground cities stretching deep below the surface.