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Chapter Two

Part 2

By Mark GrahamPublished 3 years ago 4 min read
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(picture by Pixabay.com)

Chapter 2 Notes (continued)

In the 1800's 'Workhouses' were around that were residential and with a contract with private citizens to provide food and clothes people got to work for what they had. This brought up the idea of 'Indentured servant 'servitude' system- Five to seven people total worked their way to the colonies for food, clothing, shelter, and medical care. Sponsers were gained to get to colony and this is equal to slavery in the Southern colonies.

The response to this is: Institutions, Indentured servants and slavery for the poor leads to lack of freedom. As of today in 1996 Atlanta Olympics the homeless were told and were given passes to go any and every where and if not go to jail. How does change occur?

In 1929 with the Crash of the Stock Market and then widespread poverty everywhere and then in 1935 the Social Security Act from Hoover administration to the Roosevelt administration with these ideas: Hoovervilles meaning to pull yourselves up by your own will or give aid to families who need it. Hoover approved food for cattle, but not directly to the people. Roosevelt marked the beginning of federal government in providing economic and social 'New Deal' welfare programs.

Not the one in 1935 'The Social Security Act' is a reform movement in the 19th century that 1. organized charity movement and prevent duplication of services and 2. reduce dependency on charitable efforts and how to do this started to assess the needs of the poor known as 'friendly visiting'.

Seeking better conditions in institutions along with better sanitation and health regulations created and also developed parks and recreational centers.

'Charity Organization Society' for they developed a systematic system of the distribution of assistance to discourage begging and only the deserving poor were helped. A 'Clearinghouse of All Charitable Efforts' (United Way) today. There is less individualism and a laizze-faire approach.

This forms these ideas:

1. removal of dependent, neglected and delinquent children from almshouses to private homes.

2. orphan's home moverment established shelters children of dead parents-institutions formed.

3. mothers and widows received pensions to support children.

4. probation creation of juvenile court system

5. compulsory school attendance for all must have some skills

6. child labor laws started

The Reformed Movement of 20th century- This brought about institutional care was still not to good so the 'Mental Health Movement' was founded with the following goals:

1. improve the attitudes towards mental illness and the mentally ill and change this by changing societal attitudes through education.

2. improve services for mentally ill and this service delivery is effective.

3. work for prevention of mental illness and the promotion of mental health.

In 1930, Clifford Bierz had mental illness and the treatments were not good in several institutions private and public. Used experience for the 1st global meeting in this matter of mental health. Today, the National Association of Mental Health, as of September 13, 1950 will continue to accomplish toleration toward mental illness and improve mental health.

With increased federal involvement the 'Social Security was formed starting with the 'Great Depression' and the 'New Deal Measures' the federal government grants subsidy's to the needy families. 'The Social Security Act of 1935' states that 1. that unemployment is the result of an ever-shifting market place not the lazy worker. 2. it was designed to be a permanent resource system administered by the federal government.

Provisions of Act

1. Public assistance- a program established for the needy- TANF- welfare to the blind, 'old-age' assistance- 'Social insurance' support individual the right to receive benefits regardless of need. 'Old-age and Survivor's Disability Insurance claims at age 67 people can collect.

2. Unemployment Insurance- if eligible for you get it.

3. Health and welfare services- public health

Vocational rehabilitation- child welfare - Medicaid - Medicare were established and marked the beginning of the 'Welfare State'. We deserved governmental protection from economic insecurity.

'Post-Social Security Act'

1. 'The Great Society' programs when Kennedy renewed the comittment to the needy. Community Mental Health Center Acts 1963 provided funds for community mental health centers, live in areas home and outpatient facilties.

2. Mental patients liberation movement- did not have to be forced into hospitals and not take medications- they deserved more choice in their lives.

3. 'Deinstitutionalization' allowed the mentally ill to live in the community. Psychotropic medications can be taken at home and still get help in the community centers and clinics. From psychiatric hospitals to the nursing homes or prisons. When some clients needed help but not sick enough to be in hospitals and had no where to go. You cannot force people to take meds and should not be in jail.

Lyndon Johnson and his 'War on Poverty' broadened governmental involvement. 'The Economic Opportunities Act wanted to move beyond that change and institutional structures that had basically failed for citizens.

1. Head Start

2. Work Study Programs

Poverty not individual but a societal problem for human services.

New Careers Movement- for careers for the poor that lacked formal education and get on the job training. Social workers were challenged and started hiring residents who were part of the community.

Recognize the abilities and skills of the residents. Empowerment is given. Human service programs were more diverse. This is a generalist area.

'New Careers Movement' is one for more government support in the mid 60's and 70's and Vietnam and the anti-establishment movement mentality. Middle class conservative or government hands off programs reduced or not passed; inflation and inner city rivialies and more power to the states in human services.

1. better able to determine policy for area.

2. administer those policies and govern states that lacked sufficient funds to meet those needs. An example is PA legalizing instate gambling. In the 1970's Carter and the Department of Health and Human services was founded. Diverse needs as in housing, finances, education, and criminal services were a wide range of services offered.

To be needy means cyclical or dialectical.

humanity
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About the Creator

Mark Graham

I am a person who really likes to read and write and to share what I learned. Also, I'm a person who likes to learn who has gone to college and graduate school and received my degrees in learning how children's lit can help in many ways.

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