The Ancient System That Was Too Efficient to Survive
The Paradox of the Grand Council: The Emperor Present, the Institution Absent
In the seventh year of Yongzheng, war with the Dzungars in the northwest was pressing. Yongzheng established the Grand Council, originally the Military Planning Office. It had no formal office, no fixed membership, and no independent authority. Grand councillors were appointed by the emperor from grand secretaries, ministers, and vice ministers. Their work was to receive edicts, draft edicts, deliberate, and supervise implementation. The Grand Council bypassed the outer court and connected directly to the emperor. Memorials came in. Vermilion rescripts went out. Court letters went straight to provincial governors. It was fast, secret, and controlled.