Historical
THE LIFE AND LEGACY OF JESUS
Once upon a time, in the humble town of Nazareth, a young boy named Jesus was born to Mary and Joseph. His birth was a simple one, taking place in a manger amidst livestock. Despite his unassuming beginnings, Jesus was destined to make an extraordinary impact on the world.
By JOHN U. ORDILLO3 years ago in FYI
Air Hostess Fight
THE TIME WHEN FLIGHT ATTENDANTS FOUGHT THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY AND WON In 1971 National Airlines released this advertisement. It pictured a real flight attendant and a new slogan: Fly me. “AlA Tl over Florida, fly me.” Within months, the campaign included Jo, Denise, and Laura. The airlines basically tried to sell the stewardesses as sex objects. “I'm Dianne.” “Fly me.” “I’m Terry. Fly me.” “I'm Maurica. Fly me.” And it worked. After the Fly Me campaign National saw a 19% jump in ticket sales. Soon, other airlines followed. This was one of the many ways that the airline industry degraded flight attendants and discriminated against them for decades.... until flight attendants got together and pushed back. It was pretty spectacular to be in a room full of other flight attendants who were saying enough is enough. And I was just not going to sit back and allow this to continue. Flight attendants changed the airline industry and became one of the first groups in the US to fight discrimination in the workplace. They truly paved the way for working women in the United States today and nobody knows about them. “This working jet set who breakfast in New York and lunch in Phoenix.” Throughout the 50s and 60s, becoming a flight attendant known as a stewardess at the time was one of the most coveted jobs for women. If you were a young woman and your other employment opportunities were things like teacher or nurse or maybe a man’s secretary the idea you could be jet setting around the country talking to men like Don Draper... “Where are you saying?” “Belvedere.” You can see how appealing that might have been. The airlines sold an elite, glamorous image of air travel... and relied on stewardesses to deliver that message. “The smiling hostess or stewardess who anticipates the needs of every passenger.” To make sure stewardesses match the standards that were advertised to passengers. Airlines came up with incredibly strict hiring practices. “To qualify on most airlines... She must be healthy, single, and between the ages of 21 and 28.” “She must be between 5’2” and 5’6” in height and of normal weight.” You had to have straight teeth, clear skin, no glasses. You had to be extremely slim. When I first applied had a male interview at that time who measured my hips. Paula Mariedaughter flew over 3 million miles as a stewardess and model for TWA. And it was pretty much the standard fare in terms of how they treated young women. The process was designed to make the job feel exclusive. One ad for Eastern Airlines even presented the losers... showcasing that they pass up around 19 girls before getting one that qualifies. “They’re probably good enough to get a job anywhere they want.” “But at Eastern, we're very choosy about whom we let serve you on a plane.” “She's awkward.” “She wears glasses.” But the biggest one was... “Oh! N-aww. She's married.” You couldn't be married. A male business traveler could get on the airplane... look around and know that all of these stewardesses were theoretically available. That's where age limits played a big role, too. Airlines wanted to keep the workforce young and some forced women to retire as young as 27. A lot of these hiring restrictions were explicit but there was one standard that was unwritten, yet consistently enforced. You had to be white. They did not want us on board. The fight to take down these industry standards started with black women like Patricia Banks. My name was Patricia Noisette Banks Edmiston... I became the first black flight attendant on a commercial aircraft in 1960. I saw an advertisement for the Grace Downs Air Career School and I said oh wow, this sounds great. I think I'd like to do this. And I always thought it would be interesting to travel around the world and see what other places were like. And I was accepted into the school. Patricia was the only black student at Grace Downs Air Career School. After completing the program in 1956 she interviewed with TWA, Mohawk, and Capital which would later merge with United for a stewardess position. But Patricia never heard back. Other people were getting responses and I wasn't getting any response whatsoever. It was painful because I kept wondering: Well, what's wrong here? And then a chief stewardess saw me outside of the school and she looked at me... and she said, “Pat, I hate to see you go through this... but the airlines do not hire Negroes.” Patricia filed a case with the New York State Commission Against Discrimination to investigate Capital airlines for racist hiring practices. During the process I had a lot of threats of being raped, murdered. I had the police involved at certain times during the beginning. It was not easy, but I just feel it was something that I had to do. I had to do. The commission decided that the airline had discriminated against Patricia by maintaining a policy that barred black applicants from employment. In 1960 Capital was ordered to reverse that policy and hire Patricia. The respondent Capital Airlines Inc. shall cease and desist from refusing to hire or employ complainant Patricia Banks as a flight hostess because of her color and maintaining a policy of barring Negroes from employment because of their color in all flight capacities including that of flight hostess. By winning her case she became one of the first black commercial flight attendants. I wanted to work hard to break this barrier. It was something I was doing for my people because I didn't care whether I got hired or not. But some young black woman was going to fly. Patricia's victory was the beginning. “Congress passes the most sweeping civil rights bill ever to be written into the law.” A few years later, when the Civil Rights Act became federal law employment discrimination on the basis of race and sex was finally prohibited under Title VII of the act. More black women began to challenge airlines for the racism they experienced in the industry... and one by one, they secured their right to fly. By 1965, there were 50 black stewardesses working at 7 of the largest US carriers. Title VII was a turning point for stewardesses all around. The same legislation that put an end to racist practices... became a tool for stewardesses to put an end to sexist policies at work. Title seven was mostly put in place to try and fight racism in employment but the flight attendants were the first people to see that like, Oh, they could use this to fight sex discrimination in employment. Their persistent legal action kicked off a stewardess rebellion. In the first 18 months of Title VII becoming law stewardesses lodged more than 100 employment discrimination cases and used those rulings to challenge airlines directly with the help of their union. One of those challenges was launched in 1965 by Betty Green Bateman who was fired after Braniff Airlines discovered she had been secretly married for more than a year. After months of fighting with the airline... she was finally allowed to keep her job. The Bateman case was the start of the sort of dominoes falling with the marriage rules. The lawsuit forced multiple airlines to overturn their marriage rules. But even as more and more women fought and won their cases the airlines doubled down on the sexy stewardess stereotype. “Remember what it was like before Southwest Airlines?” “You didn't have hostesses in hot pants.” Around this time, the industry had economic problems so they decided to lean into the strategy that had worked. They debuted new ads and uniforms that contradicted what the stewardesses were fighting for. In one campaign called “The Airstrip” by Braniff Airlines a uniform was designed for flight attendants to shed their clothes piece by piece during in-flight service. The airlines were trying to make money off of implying that we were readily available in all sorts of ways. And that was just not acceptable. But with the Women's Liberation Movement there was so much pressure and so much encouragement among the women I flew with to say: This is not right, it's not fair. We've got to do something. And they did. Stewardesses started some of the first independent, women-led unions in US history. They also formed groups like Stewardesses for Women's Rights and tackled age restrictions marriage policies, uniforms, and weight limits. Though much of the mainstream movement focused on white women at the time, black stewardesses were fighting racist appearance standards in the industry, too. Like one United stewardess who was fired for wearing her hair in an Afro successfully sued and forced the airline to apply its regulation equally without regard to race. Many other policies would take decades to overturn including regulations that grounded attendants when they became pregnant or weight restrictions, which in one case took a 17 year long legal battle against American Airlines to finally undo. As restrictions changed, so did the makeup of the industry. Older, married, and black stewardesses increasingly joined the profession. The legal fights had altered the airline industry... and taken together, they would also alter the future of women's labor in the US. The rights that these women won have become case law about sex discrimination in employment. The stewardess cases have been used in gender discrimination cases in some LGBTQ cases... But that all built on a basis of stewardess cases, their efforts. Which, you know, were back in the 1960s and 70s still have in effect today. Those of us that lived in earlier decades we were seeking the best possible reality for us. I don't think we could ever go back to the way it was. The history of what happened, frankly it was never, ever talked about. But it was a beginning.
By Sophia Ogah3 years ago in FYI
10 Popular Things That Were Never Meant to Be Popular
Popularity is an elusive concept, and anyone or anything can unexpectedly attain fame for various reasons. It is a fickle and unpredictable phenomenon that is challenging to orchestrate or control. Determining what makes a new cereal or a particular song popular is a complex task, and if the exact recipe for popularity were known, nothing would ever be deemed unpopular. However, there are instances when things unintentionally gain popularity despite not actively seeking it.
By Winnie Musyoki3 years ago in FYI
Trapped beneath the waves for an agonizing three-day stretch
The usual annoyance of waking up to use the bathroom took an extraordinary turn on May 26, 2013. For Harrison Odjegba Okene, a 29-year-old man at the time, this seemingly mundane act became a decision that would save his life. In a strange twist of fate, Harrison emerged as the sole survivor of a harrowing boat sinking incident, earning him the remarkable distinction of being the only known person in the world to have endured nearly three days on the seafloor.
By Winnie Musyoki3 years ago in FYI
UNVEILING THE PATH TO TRUE PROSPERITY
Understanding Prosperity in the Bible in Seeking God's Blessings Introduction: Prosperity has long been a captivating and sought-after concept in human history. It is often associated with financial abundance, material possessions, and worldly success. However, when we dig deeper into it the biblical context, we discover that prosperity encompasses a much broader and more profound meaning. It goes beyond the accumulation of material wealth and delves into the realm of spiritual blessings, overall well-being, and a life of abundance that stems from a deep and intimate relationship with God.
By JOHN U. ORDILLO3 years ago in FYI
Undiscovered Nature
GREAT NATURE OF THE WORLD Beautiful river in the world sparkles in five colors red, black, green, blue, and yellow. It only looks like this for six months a year because of the special underwater plant that creates those colors. It requires the perfect amount of sunshine and water to produce this magical display.
By Nature Call3 years ago in FYI
Unveiling the Uncommon: Discovering the World of Obscure Trivia
Introduction: In the vast sea of knowledge, there are countless fascinating and intriguing facts waiting to be explored. From historical anecdotes to scientific curiosities, trivia can captivate our minds and spark conversations. In this article, we dive into the realm of obscure trivia, where hidden gems of knowledge reside. Join me as I share one of the most obscure trivia facts that will leave your readers astounded and eager to delve deeper into the wonders of the unknown.
By Selorm Amenya3 years ago in FYI
Appysa Udemy Clone Script - Capitalize on the Booming Elearning Industry
In today's rapidly evolving world, e-learning has become a game-changer in education and professional development. With the global e-learning market projected to reach a value, there is a tremendous business opportunity for entrepreneurs to tap into this growing industry. Appysa Technologies presents the perfect solution with its Udemy clone script, offering a cost-effective and efficient way to enter the e-learning market and build a successful online learning platform.
By Kirsiya D Meriyo3 years ago in FYI
Do you know that flight attendants ever fought the airline industry?
In 1971, National Airlines launched an advertisement campaign featuring real flight attendants and the slogan "Fly me." The campaign, which initially focused on promoting flights throughout Florida, soon expanded to include flight attendants Jo, Denise, and Laura. Unfortunately, the airline's approach commodified and objectified the stewardesses, presenting them as mere sex objects to entice passengers.
By Winnie Musyoki3 years ago in FYI
A Journey into the Wild: Capturing the Untamed Beauty of Tanzania Safari
Itroduction to Tanzania Safari As the sun began to set, we finally arrived at our destination – the remote and untamed Tanzania safari. After setting up camp, we ventured out into the wild in search of some of the most majestic creatures on earth.
By travel World3 years ago in FYI
