Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization
In this study, Reich and postgraduate researchers Vagheesh Narasimhan and Niraj Rai at the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeoscience in Lucknow, India, set up a new ancient DNA laboratory for sampling and testing of 61 samples from Rakhigarhi, the largest city in the Indus Valley.
Indus civilization was first identified in Harappa in the Punjab region in 1921 and in Mohenjo Daro (Mohenjodaro) in 1922 in the Indus River in Sindh (Sind) region. Excavation began in the winter of 1924-1925, and similarities were discovered between the two sites, and civilization was discovered in the Indus valley.
Indus civilization, also known as Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization, is the oldest known civilization in the cities of the Indian subcontinent. It is a well-known urban culture and, along with Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, is one of the first three civilizations in the world. The Indus civilization is also known as the "Harappan Civilization" because it is a form of the site of Harappa, the first Indus civilization excavated in the 20th century in the Punjab province in British India (modern-day Pakistan).
While Pakistan is preparing to record a century since Mohenjo Daro discovered the Indus River, many of the mysteries of the Indus Valley civilization and its major cities remain unanswered, including the reasons for its collapse in the second millennium BC. The Indus Valley Culture (IVC) also known as Harappan Culture is an archaeological site in Pakistan that remains a mystery because scholars still have to explain the meaning of the Harappan language, which contains distinctive symbols, drawings, and other documents. Unexplained civilization conquered the river lake, which covers most of modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the northwestern region of India.
It is dominated by the ancient civilization of the Indus, the city of Mohenjo Daro in the third millennium BC. A well-planned road network and a well-drained water system show that city dweller were skilled urban planners for fear of water management.
Harappans mature in their time (c. 2600-1900 BC) by the view of Granary and Great Hall, Hill F, Harappa Archaeological remains of the laundry and sanitation system, Lothal 106, Dholavira, Gujarat, India, one of the largest cities in Indus Valley civilization with steps and steps to reach the water level of the newly constructed lake.
The ancient Indus sewage system and sewage system, designed for use in regional cities, was much more advanced than in the cities of the Middle East today, and it works much better than most parts of Pakistan and India today. While some cultures promote small rural communities near cities, the Indus Valley Civilization is believed to be the preferred location for entire settlements. The ancient system of water purification and drainage system designed to use cities in the region is much more technologically advanced today than modern urban centers in the Middle East and is more economically viable today than in many parts of Pakistan, India, and elsewhere.
Legislation has helped them build an international trade network and establish foreign trade colonies, as evidenced by the discovery of the Indus - an Arab Gulf city of Ur in Mesopotamia and Lothal in Gujarat, India, and Egypt and the inhabitants of the Mesopotamian river valley. . About 2600 BC, a mature urban section of Indus civilization emerged.
At present, excavations are ongoing and many sites have been discovered, and future discoveries may provide further details on the Indus Valley's decline in civilization. The descent and fall of the Indus valleys are unknown, but scientists believe that the descent may be related to climate change (dryness of the Sarasvati River, diversion of rainwater harvesting, flooding of cities, declining trade with Egypt and Mesopotamia, and a combination of the above). There is evidence that the ancient civilization that followed the poverty-stricken culture of the Indus Valley found in the small heritage of the Sindindus, took things in stride on the Iranian and Caucasus sides, and that the general direction may have been an invasion of the North.
It is said that the speakers of Brahui were young immigrants from Central India and Baluchistan and that the Indus Valley civilization collapsed about 2000 BC for a variety of reasons, including climate change and mass migration to the south, where language and culture were introduced. Africans living in India about 60,000 BC.
Harappa culture flourished in present-day Indus River Valley in present-day Pakistan and northwestern India 4,000 years ago, developed elaborate cities, developed sewage systems that existed before ancient Rome, and involved trade and long-distance living in Mesopotamia. Considering the vast territory of the Indian civilization and the art found there, its commercial network reached Afghanistan, the coastal regions of Persia, northern and western India, and Mesopotamia. Some people came from Indus Valley Civilization 4,000 to 3,000 years ago, a mixture of lowland pastures who brought horses and Indo-European languages are spoken throughout the continent to form a group known as the Ancestral North Indian.
The Indus Valley civilization of ancient India was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent and its rise and fall became the first major chapter in Indian history. Masson, who was acquainted with the ancient campaigns of Alexander the Great, wrote numerous notes and illustrations of Harappa, the great city of Indus civilization in the valley of its river, the Ravi River, rich in artifacts buried there.
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Rashmi Dahal
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