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He has affected 1.4 billion people, but he hasn't been on the hot search for a day.

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By iwwhsm whisksPublished 2 years ago 7 min read
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Chinese civilization has a long history.

What is most indispensable is all kinds of cultural relics and monuments.

For example, thousands of miles of the Great Wall, Xi'an 's terracotta warriors, full of mysterious Potala Palace.

In addition to these familiar sites, there is also a well-known historic site-the Imperial Palace. Today, what we want to talk about is not only the Imperial Palace, but also the central axis of Beijing, which spans the Forbidden City and leaves a thousand years of history.

General Dushu: the story about me and the central axis

Mr. Liang Sicheng once said: "an eight-kilometer-long, the longest and greatest north-south axis in the world runs through the whole city." The magnificent order unique to Beijing arises from the establishment of this central axis. "

The central axis was first established when the capital was built in the Yuan Dynasty.

At that time, there was a monk named Liu Bingzhong who was very knowledgeable.

Kublai Khan trusted him so much that he would be asked for his opinion, from divination and fortune telling to drawing up the name of the country.

After the initial reunification of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan handed over the task of building a new capital to Liu Bingzhong.

Liu Bingzhong led a group of others to come up with an ideal plan with all he had learned in his life:

Imitating the ancient system of "Zhou Li", the layout of "square nine li, side three gates, junior high school nine longitude and nine latitudes, scripture nine tracks, left, ancestral and right society, facing the city and the city is formed with four square city gates and vertical and horizontal streets." Take a central axis as the line of control to build palaces and cities.

In order to establish the central axis, we must first determine the central station.

It is recorded in the Collection of collected Records of Tianjin: "the central platform is fifteen steps west of the central pavilion." It covers an area of one mu and is surrounded by walls. There is a stone tablet due to the south. The inscription says: the platform of the center is in the middle of the Middle East, south, west and north. "

In other words, the central platform is the central point of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, with this point as the center, extending to the north and south, forming a central axis.

Here is a very interesting story:

When building the capital, Kublai Khan asked Liu Bingzhong how to determine the direction of the big inner city.

Liu Bingzhong said: to the south of the central platform is the Lizhong gate. There is a bridge outside Lizheng door, and there are trees next to the third bridge, so this line is taken as the central axis.

Kublai Khan nodded and agreed to seal up the willow by the third bridge and give it a "single tree general".

The central axis runs through the city from south to north, south from the main gate of Li, to the north to the main gate of Beiyuan.

This huge capital has been built for many years.

Liu Bingzhong could not wait to see the full picture of it, but we were fortunate to see the historical beauty of the ancient city and this central axis in various ways.

At the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 28 big footprints made of fireworks went all the way from Tiananmen Square to the Bird's Nest along the central axis.

However, the central axis at the moment is different from that of the Yuan Dynasty.

During the reign of Yongle, Zhu Di, Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, moved the capital of Daming to Peiping, renamed Beijing, and started a new city-building project.

Kublai used Liu Bingzhong to build the city, while Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty used Luo Xiang, who came from a family of carpenters. Under his command, buildings such as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven and the Temple of Heaven and Earth sprang up.

It was during this period that the Bell and Drum Tower became the new northernmost end of the central axis.

During the reign of Jiading, the outer city began to be built on a large scale, and the central axis continued to be extended to Yongding Gate, which was basically similar to today's central axis.

Axis: I'm stronger than you think.

The central axis that has precipitated the painstaking efforts of several generations, of course, cannot simply exist as a dividing line or a standard line.

Among them, it contains countless crystallization of Chinese wisdom.

For example, the word "Zhong" on the central axis is taken from the idea of "standing in the middle" in our country.

There is a saying in "Lu's Spring and Autumn", "choose the world and build the country, choose the country and set up the palace."

Therefore, the three halls in the Forbidden City are built on the central axis.

And other buildings in Beijing, and then to Miyagi as the center, left ancestral and right society, the former dynasty and the later city.

Since Yongding Gate entered the city, on the left side of the road is the Temple of Heaven and Tai Temple, and on the right is the Temple of Heaven and the altar of harvests.

When it comes to Xiannong, many people should have seen a similar plot in TV dramas:

In spring, the emperor would carry out the ceremony of personal ploughing, that is, he would lead a hundred officials to personally cultivate the fields, plant millet, and pray for good weather and a good harvest of grain.

This self-ploughing site is the first agricultural altar.

The same is true outside the palace. On the south side of the city are mostly government agencies, court palaces, and on the north side are various commercial markets. On the other hand, most of the people live in other cities, forming a new business district.

The design and layout of this kind of architecture is also a strengthening of the feudal hierarchical system, highlighting the ancient Chinese pursuit of "etiquette".

From a general point of view, outside Miyagi is the front and rear city, and within Miyagi is the front and back bed. The location of each dormitory hall from the center and the compactness of the layout in the hall also reflect the division of grades.

From a small point of view, the number of steps, height, the number of animals on the roof, interior decoration configuration, are also in line with the "ceremony."

Therefore, the central axis is not only a building system, but also a complete etiquette system.

In particular, this urban planning method of determining the central point of the city, then determining the location and location of the palace, and using a central axis to determine the whole urban design is unique in the world.

As Professor Lvzhou said, the central axis reflects the pluralistic oneness of Chinese beliefs.

The Temple of Heaven honors the God of Heaven; the Temple of Heaven honors wind and rain, thunder and lightning, and the gods of mountains, rivers and rivers; the Qiwang Tower honors Confucius; the Guandi Temple on the middle side of Zhengyangmen Weng City, and the Guanyin Temple on the west side; Qin'an Hall of the Imperial Palace honors the Emperor Zhenwu; and Jingshan Wanchun Pavilion honors the Great Buddha of Pilujana.

Multiple beliefs coexist on both sides of the central axis.

The central axis is like a microcosm of thousands of years of Chinese history. In it, you can read about the development and continuation of Chinese civilization, as well as thousands of years of precipitated civilization and wisdom.

In 1900, the allied forces of the eight powers entered Beijing, and Zhengyang Gate was destroyed by the military disaster.

When it was renovated later, the designer invited came from Germany, which made Zhengyang Gate have a touch of western architecture.

In November 1924, Puyi, the last emperor of China, officially bid farewell to the Forbidden City.

On October 1, 25 years later, the founding ceremony was held in Tiananmen Square.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the National Museum was built on the east side of Tiananmen Square, and the Great Ha

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