The most powerful tornado ever recorded
The power of tornado
On June 29, 1974, a small, picturesque town in Germany seemed to be going about its usual business. The residents, who were in church, had no idea that a powerful storm was about to hit the area. It wasn't just any storm, though; it was an F2 tornado that was initially strong enough to uproot oak trees and beaches. Over time, it grew stronger and more powerful, even picking up two children and tossing them into a lake. Oddly, the lake's water level also changed Rose, and then swiftly withdrew, disappearing from sight of the lake. A tornado then impacted a house, ripping off the roof and bringing the Walls, then the tornado turned and headed east-northeast, intensifying to an F3 level. At that point, an amazing event occurred: what appeared to be a twin or satellite water spout joined the tornado near Lake Lazin; it was as if two tornadoes were merging. The tornado grew wider and stronger, uprooting lone oak trees and hurling them 115 feet into the air, leaving behind a barren landscape devoid of crops, grass, and even top soil. Back then, people couldn't even read or write well, let alone use devices to predict tornadoes. This particular tornado was so powerful that it destroyed houses, barns, and even uprooted trees, which was terrifying to witness. However, there was something unique about the church. Even though everything outside was being destroyed, the people within were safe because of the thick stone walls. They didn't even realise how fortunate they were until later, when winds of up to 3 mm were predicted to be unstoppable. A remarkable feature of this tornado was that it happened during a dry storm; very little rain was reported, but the storm still managed to create such a mess that it even produced large hail stones. The tornado travelled a distance of 19 miles and reached a maximum width of 0.6 miles. It was a raging storm that went through tree branches so high that people thought they ended up in the atmosphere. Imagine pieces of ice as large as 5.9 inches in diameter. After the storm passed, one scientist named Gotl Burchard Gensmer examined the damage and spoke with witnesses to the tornado, realising that this was one of the strongest tornadoes ever recorded in history. It received the highest rating of F5, meaning that the large hailstones that were falling from the sky caused significant damage to crops, properties, and everything else that was outside at that time. The fueta scale, which is used to gauge tornado intensity, took an hour to calm down for the 1,925 residents of Northeast Missouri who were unaware of the existence of a formal tornado warning system. When a tornado formed there one afternoon in the early afternoon, they were taken aback at first because it was only a small one. that momentarily lifted off the ground, but over time it began to grow into a massive monster. Meanwhile, in West Frankfurt, Illinois, some miners were working 500 feet below the surface when all of a sudden the power went out. They knew something wasn't right, so they hurried to climb up the shaft to reach the surface, where they were met with a terrifying shock due to the catastrophic effects of this massive tornado. The tornado didn't even stop there; it continued to cause havoc as it travelled a great distance, tearing through the land for a staggering 219 Mi, spanning from near Redford, Missouri, to the east of Princeton, Indiana.73 mph in a single town When thunderstorms swept across the Upper Midwest of the United States in April, 1,965 people in the Great Lakes region began complaining about the unusual heat. The reason for this was that the storms were so strong and insane that they created 51 tornadoes. The tornado that destroyed a staggering 100 blocks of Murphy's Boro, Illinois, and another 70 blocks in Gryphon, Indiana, left not a single building standing. The tornado only started to weaken at 4:30 in the afternoon. This tornado, known :In just 12 hours, the states of Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan experienced particularly severe weather. Something unfortunate occurred during this time, which caught the National Severe Storms Forecast Centre in Kansas City, Missouri, off guard. They hurriedly attempted to issue warnings to the public, but many people were unaware of what was happening because there were no outdoor tornado sirens at the time. Additionally, many TV and radio stations did not regularly broadcast weather alerts; power was lost and telephone lines malfunctioned, meaning that many towns were completely cut off from communications. On January 1, 1974, was particularly difficult due to strong thunderstorms that unleashed a string of intense tornadoes over 13 states in the US. These tornadoes ranged in strength from F0 to the most potent and destructive F5 ones, and at one terrifying moment, 15 tornadoes touched down simultaneously; one of them lasted for over two hours, and two others were circling each other like dancers. This was another important lesson learned, and some modifications to tornado warning systems were made. Previously, people could only be warned of a tornado if they had personally witnessed one, which was usually too late. [Music] Around 6:30 p.m. on April 26, 1, 989, the sky above One District Managan in Bangladesh became dark and menacing as a tornado quickly moved from Onep Point Dalur. People who lived in the Eastward Saturia Manigan Sadar region were already dealing with a severe drought, but they had no idea that even worse situations were on the horizon. The countryside of Marsala in Western Sicily is incredibly beautiful, but it wasn't so beautiful on December 8, 1,851, when two fierce tornadoes suddenly swept across the land, leaving nothing behind. The storm was fierce, stretching about 10 Mi long and 1 mile wide. Although it covered a relatively small area, it still caused enormous damage. It tore through the land and blew away buildings thousands of trees strong and rooted for years and everything else in its path. little but mayhem as they travelled, bringing with them storms of hail and severe rain that further damaged the already fragile farmlands. One town, Castellamare, had a magnificent harbour that was frequented by many ships, but it also sustained significant damage. The outbreak in Oklahoma from 24 years ago on May 3, 1999, was tough too. In just one stormy day, at least 45 tornadoes touched down, with Oklahoma being hit the hardest with an F5 tornado. The story seemed familiar as what at first seemed like a small twister quickly grew into a massive force that at one point threatened to destroy everything. News of this devastating event spread widely, even making its way to The Illustrated London news. One spot, one mile wide, tore vegetation away, shredded asphalt from roads, and even wrapped roofing materials around power lines. It peeled away in layers like delicate paper. After utilising satellites to study the area, NASA scientists discovered that the area where the tornado left nothing but muddy would require ten to twenty years for the plants to properly regenerate. desolate terrain When it comes to tornadoes, Oklahoma is in a pretty unfortunate place. Take 1,947, for instance. The massive Woodward tornado, named after the city it struck, measured 1.8 miles in width and travelled at an amazing 50 miles per hour before it reached Woodward. had already wreaked havoc in other communities along its route, but Woodward was the place where it unleashed its devastating effects. In 1,988, an outbreak of tornadoes swept across the eastern part of the United States from Texas to Georgia and then northward from Oklahoma to Tennessee. At least 34 tornadoes touched down; nature showed no mercy as buildings were torn apart and once-thriving streets were reduced to rubble. Fury struck the city without warning at 8:42 in the evening, taking the residents by surprise and cutting off communication with the outside world, leaving families unsure about the fate of their loved ones. The intensity of a tornado is determined by two factors: its wind speed and the amount of destruction it causes. F5 tornadoes are the strongest and most destructive ones; some people talk about F6 tornadoes, which can reach speeds of over 300 mph. If this one passed by, you could imagine how Dorothy felt. Fortunately, F6 tornadoes are only found in stories, and Oz is the last place you're likely to end up.
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US lawmaker alerts the public to a new Russian doomsday device
US Representative Mike Turner, the Republican chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, issued a chilling warning, stating that Russia has obtained a new kind of weapon that presents an existential threat to the US. Following his warning, he urged President Joe Biden to declassify all relevant information about this threat right away so that the US, Congress, and US allies could cooperate to counter it. As soon as the story spread like wildfire over the world, politicians, both Democrat and Republican, denounced Turner's decision to publicly reveal this anonymous threat as a foolish attempt to incite fear. Since then, further information about this Russian threat has surfaced, and although Turner's assessment was correct, the threat is now far less serious. more than initially depicted. More information has surfaced since Turner's disastrous tweet, or "xeet," which revealed that Russia's new weapon is an anti-satellite weapon. Considering how heavily the US military depends on satellites for everything from communications to reconnaissance, this is a serious cause for concern. The US military is a highly responsive, fast-moving, and adaptable danger since it possesses the greatest space network in the world, second only to China. America's satellites serve as relay links for the country's enormous fleet of unmanned aerial, ground, and marine vehicles and enable it to exchange intelligence swiftly and coordinate the actions of various military forces both within the same theatre and internationally. However, despite all the benefits that come with America's dominance in space, it has been compared to the United States building a magnificent glass home prior to the discovery of the rock. The increasingly modernising near-peer adversaries, such as China and Russia, who already possess classical anti-satellite weapons in the form of missiles and lasers, pose a serious threat to America's satellite infrastructure. Even while the Space Force is attempting to strengthen satellite infrastructure, it is still difficult to fully secure these platforms from the variety of dangers they encounter, some of which can be as straightforward as slowing them down to the point where they disintegrate and fall out of orbit. Now, Russia has increased the stakes in the most unintelligent and ultimately Russian way imaginable. Conventional methods of attacking satellites are limited to hitting one satellite at a time and need extreme precision. With more than 8,000 satellites in orbit and the US's capacity to use civilian satellites as a launching pad, it would take a massive number of satellite destructions all at once to seriously impair America's space-based network. This is where Russia's weapon enters the picture, and it presents such a serious threat that Representative Turner invited other Congressmen to attend a confidential briefing to examine all of the existing intelligence on it. Although specifics are still under wraps, it is quite likely that Russia is developing a weapon that will use a powerful electromagnetic pulse, or EMP, to take down US satellites. Specialised equipment can be used to generate EMPs; the United States, for instance, has successfully tested a weapon that can launch missiles. Targeted EMP strikes can even target individual floors of a structure in order to disable electrical equipment in designated locations. Given that the broad adoption of electronics defines every aspect of our lives and the military's ability to wage war, the electromagnetic menace poses a severe challenge to modern economies and their forces. EMP weapons have the added advantage of not resulting in any human casualties since they can successfully destroy enemy equipment without the need for physical attack by frying circuits due to electromagnetic energy overloads. It's unclear whether Russia is able to create a weapon that can cover a large enough region with an EMP blast on its own, or if the weapon is comparable to the covert US EMP weapon that can blast particular locations where electromagnetic radiation is present. It is known that the nuclear bomb, a weapon that Russia has long mastered and has many of in its arsenal, can easily cause an EMP blast. A nuclear weapon can detonate and emit a large, yet brief, electromagnetic energy pulse that can cover up to 1,000 square kilometres when in orbit. This provides a Russian nuclear bomb with a large area of destruction where it can take out multiple US satellites at once. A typical communications satellite's skin can survive a lot of electromagnetic radiation, however holes and antennae allow radiation from EMPs to enter the inside of the space. Numerous vehicles built for use in a nuclear war zone are protected from electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) on the ground. However, it is unknown how feasible or cost-effective it would be to provide the same level of security for satellites in orbit. In addition to costing thousands of dollars to launch, each extra pound of cargo that must be put into orbit uses more fuel, reducing the satellite's lifespan. Russia could easily produce a weapon similar to this one, even though US intelligence has confirmed that it does not yet have any operational EMP weapons of this kind. Though Russian nuclear weapons have caused a global panic on social media, there is no proof that this is the case—at least not yet. Nevertheless, all that would actually be necessary for Russia to field this capacity overnight is putting a putting a nuclear bomb on a rocket and launching it into a high enough orbit—something they could do with ease considering their capacity for space launches. Two years ago, the response to the question, "Would Russia actually do this?" would have been a resounding no. Nevertheless, current affairs have demonstrated that Vladimir Putin's ignorance truly knows no bounds. Notwithstanding a strong incentive to do so, no country has ever sent WMDs into orbit due to the United Nations' space treaty. Nukes in space offered a clear strategic advantage even before satellites became a problem, since they would cut delivery times in half and greatly lower the likelihood of interception. There wouldn't be a rocket. to intercept during the pre-separation or boost phase, and there would be minimal to no alertness for an impending attack. Depending on the launch complex and the target, Americans could have anywhere from fifteen minutes to thirty minutes' notice of a Soviet strike when using standard ICBMs. Americans would have only a few minutes' notice to get ready for a global Fallout LARP experience, with satellites circling overhead. Significantly lessening the warning and "flight" time would also make interception much more challenging. This contract has endured for many years, even during the most dire periods of the Cold War, but because of Putin, it might end badly. But how horrible would it actually be, and would Russia really do this? In a As part of Operation Fishbowl, the US conducted a number of high-altitude experiments in an attempt to better understand the effects and applications of nuclear bombs. It completed six high-altitude experiments by 1958, but inadequate equipment left US scientists with more questions than answers. The US planned to carry out its biggest high altitude test to yet in 1962, launching a 1.4 to 1.45 Megaton weapon 250 miles above the surface of the planet. The explosion that followed had many more repercussions than initially anticipated. In addition to embarrassing every UFO in the area, the explosion caused a fleeting second sun to appear over the South Pacific. The anticipated EMP explosion proved to be far more bigger than anticipated and so strong that it overpowered the devices meant to record the explosion on Earth. Almost a thousand miles away from the explosion, 300 street lights in Hawaii went out, setting off burglar alarms and causing damage to the electrical grid. The local phone company's microwave link was sufficiently damaged to prevent communications between Kauai and the other islands. Of the few dozen satellites in orbit at the time, nine were damaged by the blast, including the first satellite ever launched by Britain. In addition to altering the Van Allen radiation belt, which serves as a buffer against charged particles, the explosion also produced additional radiation belts surrounding the planet. Cast aside by the sun. Both US and Soviet observers were taken aback by the results, as they had greatly overestimated the strength and volume of the electromagnetic pulse produced in space. It quickly became evident that space-based nuclear weapons could be a fatal threat to future military operations due to their impact on satellites in orbit. Even at lower altitudes, the Soviets would carry out their own space-based experiments that would harm a power plant and ground-based electronics. It was established that nuclear weapons might be used in a completely new way to destroy large portions of an adversary's contemporary electronic infrastructure. We have only grown more susceptible to space-based EMPs since then. In fact, early vacuum tube technology was highly resilient to electromagnetic pulses (EMPs). However, modern semiconductors are incredibly brittle. An EMP blast would be especially effective against low-Earth orbit satellites as an anti-satellite weapon. Satellites must be shielded from charged particles in space at higher orbits that are above the earth's electromagnetic field. Nevertheless, manufacturers take advantage of this protection by omitting hardening in lower earth orbits and firmly inside the earth's warm magnetic embrace, which would ultimately result in an increase in weight and expense. However, the issue extends beyond electronically burned satellites, as the explosion itself clearly did significant damage. Since there isn't much medium in space to convey a shockwave, this would really be greatly reduced, but the hazard to neighbouring satellites could cause a destructor event that goes unchecked, called Kessler syndrome. This occurs when there is an excessive amount of space debris produced, which then begins to ruin other space assets and adds to the debris cloud. Space travel eventually becomes too risky because there will be so much space debris in orbit around the Earth that it will be impossible to forecast every orbit. Space debris may take decades or perhaps centuries to deorbit on its own, trapping humanity on this rock with Elon Musk. So, the question is: Is Russia truly that stupid to carry out this action? Immediately, the concern is that any weapon of mass devastation launched into orbit would violate the United Nations space treaty. Retaliating, other countries that already have WMDs would launch their own nuclear weapons into space to prevent themselves from being attacked. But once the taboo was broken, the non-WMD weaponization of space would start in earnest, greatly raising the possibility of a Kessler Syndrome incident. all because Putin was dejected at his defeat in Ukraine. And that's the main goal of this new anti-satellite weapon. Frequent to the point of complete monotony, Russia always brings out its old nuclear weapon and begins to rattle it whenever it faces a significant defeat in Ukraine or when a significant arms transfer from the West is about to occur. The tactic works well in making Westerners reluctant to arm Ukraine, as seen by the significant historical reluctance to do so in the two years since the conflict started. The announcement of this test is probably just another anger tantrum intended to scare the American public, as the US Congress is on the verge of reaching an agreement that would allow billions of dollars in assistance for Ukraine. Additionally, there is cause for concern that Representative Mike Turner purposefully disclosed information about this threat. Even though he has been a major supporter of aid to Ukraine, Trump allies in the Republican Party, such as Speaker Mike Johnson, a denier of elections, have deliberately ruined funding agreements in order to create problems for the former president to campaign on. Turner is thought to have disclosed this information to push for action against Russia and pass financing for Ukraine because he was impatient with the months-long delay in reaching a financial agreement. However, would Russia really make advantage of this? weaponry? An enormous EMP blast has one drawback: it is uncontrollable. Ground effects could be avoided or much reduced at a sufficient height, but Russia's space-based infrastructure would all be at danger. Everything would be in danger of being destroyed by EMP bursts produced by nuclear weapons, which are incapable of distinguishing between Chinese or American satellites and the potatoes with duct-taped cell phones that Russia most likely has in space. 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