NCTB Science Class-8 Ch:01 Guide Notes

Q/A (SUGGESTED)

*Read aloud twice while writing for boosting memorization and understanding.*

1. In modern classification, all animals belong to which Kingdom?

Ans: In modern classification, all animals belong to the Animalia Kingdom.

2. In the modern classification, what happened to the previously known phylum Protozoa?

Ans: In modern classification, the previously known phylum Protozoa is considered as a sub Kingdom.

3. How many total phyla of animals are there in the Animalia Kingdom?

Ans: There are a total of 33 phyla of animals in the Animalia Kingdom.

4. How are the major phyla selected in the Animalia Kingdom?

Ans: The major phyla are selected based on the number of species.

5. How many major phyla are there in the Animalia Kingdom?

Ans: There are 9 (nine) major phyla in the Animalia Kingdom.

6. What are the phyla called that are not part of the nine major phyla?

Ans: The phyla that are not part of the nine major phyla are called non-major phyla.

7. In the nine major phyla, how many phyla consist of invertebrate animals?

Ans: Animals of the first eight of the nine major phyla are invertebrates.

8. In the nine major phyla, how many phyla consist of vertebrate animals?

Ans: Animals in the last (ninth) phylum are vertebrates. Which means only 1 phylum consist of vertebrate animals.

9. Are animals from the first eight major phyla vertebrates or invertebrates?

Ans: Animals from the first eight major phyla are invertebrates.

10. Are animals from the last major phylum vertebrates or invertebrates?

Ans: Animals from the last major phylum are vertebrates.

11. What are known as 'major phyla'?

Ans: Based on the huge number of species, a number of phyla are selected to be known as 'major phyla'.

12. How many non-major phyla are there?

Ans: There are 24 non-major phyla.

13. What is phyla?

Ans: Phyla (singular: phylum) are big groups used to classify living things in biology. Kingdom is the biggest group. As a phylum is a major category used to group animals that have the same basic body structure or important features,inside a kingdom, animals are divided into phyla based on their body plans and important traits.

In short,

Phylum/Phyla is a shortcut word for "very big group inside a kingdom."

*Read aloud twice while writing for boosting memorization and understanding.*

*Read aloud twice while writing for boosting memorization and understanding.*

Q/A (SUGGESTED)

1. Which phylum is into sub-phyla in the diagram?

Ans: Chordata.

2. Name the sub-phyla under Chordata.

Ans: The sub-phyla under Chordata are:

• Urochordata
• Cephalochordata
• Vertebrata

3. Which sub-phylum is further divided into classes?

Ans: Vertebrata.

4. In the diagram, what comes directly under Kingdom Animalia?

Ans: Phylum.

5. In the diagram, what group comes directly under Phylum 'Chordata'?

Ans: Sub Phylum.

6. In the diagram, what comes directly under Sub Phylum Vertebrata?

Ans: Class.

7. Which class comes first under Vertebrata?

Ans: Cyclostomata.

8. Which class comes last under Vertebrata?

Ans: Mammalia.

*Read aloud twice while writing for boosting memorization and understanding.*

*Read aloud twice while writing for boosting memorization and understanding.*

Q/A (SUGGESTED)

1. What is Porifera?

Ans: Porifera is the name of one phylum. Generally, Porifera means the sponge animals with many tiny holes in their body, with most of them living in water.

2. What does the word 'Porus' mean?

Ans: The word 'Porus' mean hole.

3. What does the word 'Ferre' mean?

Ans: The word 'Ferre' means to bear, to carry.

4. So then what does 'Porifera' means?

Ans: 'Porifera' means the animals that have pores.

5. Animals that have pores go to which group of phylum?

Ans: Animals that have pores go to 'Porifera' group of phylum.

6. From how many words is the 'Porifera' word is derived of?

Ans: From 2 words, Porus (which means hole) and Ferre (which means to bear) is the word 'Porifera' has been derived.

7. The word 'Porifera' is derived from which two words?

Ans: The word 'Porifera' is derived from two words, Porus (which means hole) and Ferre (which means to bear).

8. What is the member of the phylum 'Porifera' is commonly as?

Ans: The member of the phylum 'Porifera' is commonly as "Sponge".

9. Where are the member of the phylum Porifera, commonly known as "Sponge" are found?

Ans: The member of the phylum Porifera, commonly known as "Sponge" are found worldwide / all around the world. But mostly near the water.

10. Where do the "Sponge" lives?

Ans: Most of the "sponge" species are marine. Some of them lives in fresh water. Usually they live in colonies.

11. Where do the "sponge" usually lives?

Ans: The "sponge" usually lives in colonies.

12. How food and oxygen enter into the body of the "sponge"?

Ans: Food and oxygen enter into the body of the "sponge" through the pores they have in them.

13. Name some animals of the 'Porifera' phylum.

Ans: Some animals of the 'Porifera' phylum are:

1. Spongilla
2. Scypha