May-Thurner Syndrome

May-Thurner Syndrome (MTS), also known as Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome, is a rare vascular condition that affects the blood flow in the pelvis and lower extremities. Despite being underdiagnosed, MTS can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life and may even lead to severe complications if left untreated. In this blog post, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for May-Thurner Syndrome.

What is May-Thurner Syndrome?

May-Thurner Syndrome is a condition in which the left iliac vein, responsible for carrying blood from the lower extremities back to the heart, becomes compressed by the right iliac artery. This compression can cause the blood flow to slow down, resulting in the formation of blood clots, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). MTS typically affects the left leg, but in rare cases, it can also occur on the right side or bilaterally.

What Causes May-Thurner Syndrome?

The exact cause of MTS is unknown, but it is believed to be a congenital anatomical anomaly. In individuals with MTS, the right iliac artery crosses over the left iliac vein at an abnormal angle, putting pressure on the vein and causing it to narrow. This pressure can lead to vein damage and the formation of scar tissue, further narrowing the vein and increasing the risk of blood clot formation.

Some factors that may increase the likelihood of developing MTS include:

• Prolonged periods of immobility (e.g., bed rest, long flights)
• Pregnancy and postpartum period
• Hormonal contraceptives
• Previous history of blood clots
• Family history of clotting disorders

Symptoms of May-Thurner Syndrome

Many individuals with MTS may not experience any symptoms, making it challenging to diagnose. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Swelling in the affected leg
• Pain or discomfort in the leg, often described as aching, cramping, or heaviness
• Skin discoloration or darkening in the affected leg
• Formation of varicose veins
• Leg ulcers

Diagnosing May-Thurner Syndrome

The diagnosis of MTS typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies. Imaging tests that may be used to confirm the diagnosis include:

• Venography: A minimally invasive procedure that uses X-rays and a special dye to visualize the veins
• Duplex ultrasound: A non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the blood vessels
• Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) or computed tomography venography (CTV): Advanced imaging techniques that provide detailed images of the veins

Treatment Options for May-Thurner Syndrome

Treatment for MTS aims to relieve the compression on the iliac vein and prevent the formation of blood clots. Options for treatment may include:

1. Compression stockings: These special stockings apply pressure to the legs, promoting blood flow and reducing swelling.
2. Angioplasty and stenting: A procedure in which a balloon is inserted into the vein to widen it, followed by the placement of a stent to keep the vein open.

Final words

May-Thurner Syndrome is a rare but potentially serious vascular condition that can lead to deep vein thrombosis and other complications. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term damage and improving quality of life for those affected. If you suspect you may have MTS, consult with a healthcare professional to discuss your symptoms and determine the best course of action.