Simple questions about our world we still can't answer

Intro hey guys it's my chin it seems like every day there is news about something new we might have discovered in space or a space X rocket that did where it did not explode where maybe we found another planet we could live on once we use up this one and speaking of this planet sometimes it does feel like that mankind and Earth are like this old married couple you kind of feel like you already know every single thing there is to know about this person that mystery is gone there's no romance left and we're constantly looking for someplace better to live but a reality there is still quite a lot of mystery left as we take a look at some basic things about our planets we still don't understand number Undiscovered Caves one unexplored caves I always talk about on this channel how over 95% of our oceans remain unexplored but did you know that there are literally thousands of caves that no one well at least no one we know of has never set foot in National Geographic estimates the number of undiscovered caves at 90% of the planet's total even in well explored regions like a US only about 50% of caves have never been discovered number 2 all no minerals we know of around 5,000 minerals on earth which is a pretty good amount but according to Roberts M Hazen a mineralogist and astrobiologists at the Carnegie Institute for science whose team created a very complex system to calculate the number of unknown minerals currently found on earth they found that there are over 1500 minerals on this planet we still don't know anything about that may seem like a lot but keep in mind that many of the Earth's know minerals are pretty rare and are found in only a few select locations on this planet so think about that and then think about the massive amount of land across the globe that probably still has not been surveyed so and what makes sense that there are still a lot of minerals that we have yet to discover but check this out he's his model only ink those minerals that are possibly accessible if you add up the ones we may never be able to get to then the number of unknown minerals may increase exponentially number three we don't really know what's beneath the surface of our planet I talked about this in Whats Beneath Our Feet another video I did but when it comes to what we know about our planet we've literally only just scratched the surface think about this it took the Voyager 1 satellites 26 years to exit our solar system and it took about the same amount of time for us to dig just 7.5 miles below the earth's surface and if you didn't know that's the Kola super-deep borehole in Russia which is only 12 point 3 kilometers were like I said it's 7.5 miles deep and if you're wondering that's only 3990 2.5 miles short of the Earth's core although researchers think they have a pretty good idea what's beneath our feet based on our analysis of things like gravity fossils and earthquakes those are just theories and I'll tell we can actually reach the center of the earth we can't be completely sure for example this is what we typically think of when we think of what's inside the earth you've got the crust mantle outer core inner core but a discovery in 2014 suggested that there is an ocean inside the earth and that ocean might have as much water as undiscovered civilizations all the world's oceans combined and since typically where there's water there's life maybe there's even strange creatures in those waters who knows number four undiscovered civilizations when you think of ancient civilizations you may think of the Mayans were Egyptians because well we have found a lot of evidence of their existence but researchers believe there are still hundreds or even thousands of civilizations out there either covered up by the dense vegetation deserts war water we had no clue ever existed that's why every year you'll hear news of archaeologists digging up a new city so it could mean that legendary cities where civilizations like Atlantis or a dorado could actually exist and we just haven't found it yet to find these ancients roars researchers employ the use of CT scans satellite imagery or Google ground-penetrating radar and most recently even robotic drums number five all known species we know this planet is all known species massive and it contains an astonishing amount of creatures many we have never seen more have documented before just to give you guys some perspective according to her book wildlife of a garden a 30-year study biologist Jennifer Owen talked about how she began to document the different types of wildlife that she happened to find in her standard family garden in suburban Leicester England after 40 years she had documented over 8,000 species 20 of which have never been seen before in England and of those 24 were completely new to science all this from just in ordinary backyard now can you imagine what we could find if we just expended a search a little even after 250 years of official documentation over 15,000 new species of planes and animals are discovered each year according to the Guardian researchers estimated that there are five to ten million species of wildlife in the world and we have only identified around 1.2 to 1.3 million so basically if it could be up to 90% of how to life left in the world that are completely unknown to us number 6 how gravity works how gravity works when we think of gravity what comes to mind Newton with an apple what goes up must come down Sandra Bullock scientists tell us that gravity is the reason that when you jump up you don't just go floating into space and the gravity is what keeps the earth and orbits around the Sun but then they really can't tell us what gravity really is because well nobody really knows there are even mainstream researchers who say that gravity is just an illusion and it really doesn't exist at all now here's why gravity is so perplexing there are four conventionally accepted fundamental forces of nature electromagnetic strong nuclear forces weak nuclear forces and while gravity but gravity is supposed to essentially hold the entire universe together and is the weakest by far of all the forces like this times weaker than the third weakest force weak nuclear this makes gravity hard to demonstrate in lab experiments it also doesn't we fit in to Einstein's theory of relativity which only explains gravity on a large scale and get this researchers don't really know what gravity is made of because at the grounded level of atoms and molecules gravity just stops working number seven why ice is slippery this might sound really simple but you'd be surprised I mean we do know that ice is slippery because there is a very thin layer of liquid water on top of it even when ice is very very cold but here's the thing how did ice produce that layer of water for a long time researchers believed that when we walk or skates on top of ice the pressure we put on the eyes of what lower is melting point and then that would cause the outermost layer to melt but this was not the case because it was later discovered that the pressure we put on the ice was really not enough to cost us to happen so why then well we have no idea but here are some theories one is that friction was causing the outer layer of the ice to melt but then that's pretty much debunked because even when someone is standing on the ice not walking on it so you're not causing friction the ice is still slippery and the other theory is that well maybe the water on the outermost layer of ice it just never freezes number 8 how the moon was created okay this was a bit out how the moon was created of this world but it's still pretty interesting so I'm gonna include it here now we love talking about the moon we love looking at it we love sending people up there and just have them drive around we also love to debate whether we sent somebody up there at all but one thing we have no clue of is how the moon was created we do have some theories though in the 1800s Charles Darwin's son George suggested that the moon was created because at some point the earth responds so fast part of our planet spun off into space and because Earth's gravity the moon was created then there's the theory that the moon was created somewhere in the universe and when and passed by earth it was caught in his gravity and then there's the most popular theory which says that something massive collided with earth millions of years ago and a piece of the planets broke apart and for the moon there are some other theories about how the moon was created which I briefly read about such as the moon is actually hollow it was pretty interesting it has some valid points so I'll make a video on it and you can judge for yourself but you know what I love doing videos like this because I like the fact that there are still a lot of things in this world that is still a mystery and that's awesome to me I like a little mystery in my life