Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by elevated blood sugar levels. Your body either does not produce enough insulin or does not utilise the insulin that it does produce adequately.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how your body uses glucose, which is your cells' primary source of energy. When you eat, your body converts carbs into glucose and then produces insulin, a pancreatic hormone that helps transfer glucose into your cells and utilise it for energy. Diabetes occurs when the body either does not make enough insulin or does not utilise it adequately, resulting in glucose buildup in the blood.

Diabetes-related elevated blood sugar can harm your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs if left untreated. However, learning about diabetes and taking steps to prevent or manage it can help protect your health.

Types of Diabetes mellitus

Type 1

Type 1 diabetes is triggered by an autoimmune response in which the immune system assaults and kills the pancreatic insulin-producing cells. The specific aetiology of this autoimmune response is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved.

It commonly appears during childhood or adolescence, but it can appear at any age. The development of symptoms is frequently sudden and severe, and persons with Type 1 diabetes typically require insulin therapy almost away

Type 2

Type 2 diabetes is caused by a mix of hereditary and lifestyle factors, such as being overweight or obese, a lack of physical exercise, and an unhealthy diet. In Type 2 diabetes, the body still produces insulin, but it may not use it effectively.Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults, but it can strike at any age. Symptoms normally appear gradually and mildly, and persons with Type 2 diabetes may not require insulin therapy in the early stages of the condition.

Type 1.5

Type 1.5 diabetes, commonly known as Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA), is a disease. LADA is a kind of diabetes that resembles both kind 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

LADA, like Type 1 diabetes, is an autoimmune illness in which the body's immune system assaults and kills pancreatic insulin-producing cells. LADA, like Type 2 diabetes, usually develops later in life.

LADA is difficult to identify since it frequently exhibits signs similar to Type 2 diabetes, such as insulin resistance and a delayed development of symptoms. LADA, on the other hand, requires a different treatment than Type 2 diabetes and, like Type 1 diabetes, may eventually necessitate insulin therapy.

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Gestational diabetes

Diabetes that arises during pregnancy is known as gestational diabetes. It is a transient syndrome that occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy when the body becomes less responsive to insulin owing to hormonal changes.

Pregnancy issues such as high blood pressure, hypertension, and premature labour can all be increased by gestational diabetes. It can also raise the chances of having a big baby, which can lead to problems during delivery.

Gestational diabetes usually resolves once the baby is born, but women who have had gestational diabetes are more likely to acquire Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms

Diabetes symptoms include increased thirst and hunger, frequent urination, impaired eyesight, tiredness, poor wound healing, and numbness or tingling in the hands or feet. People with Type 1 diabetes, on the other hand, may experience rapid weight loss, whereas people with Type 2 diabetes may experience insulin resistance symptoms such as acanthosis nigricans (darkened patches of skin) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Type 1.5 symptoms are like both type 1 and 2 but Unlike Type 1 diabetes, which usually develops rapidly and can cause symptoms to appear suddenly, Type 1.5 diabetes tends to have a slower onset.Type 1 diabetes usually appears in childhood or adolescence, whereas Type 2 diabetes arises in maturity. Type 1.5 diabetes, on the other hand, is more common in adults over the age of 30. People with Type 1.5 diabetes may have a normal or slightly higher body mass index (BMI).

Gestational diabetes symptoms are just like other types of diabetes but as it is developed during pregnancy hormones disbalance blood pressure fluctuation there .

Because the symptoms of gestational diabetes can be mild or even nonexistent, screening for the condition is critical. Some women with gestational diabetes may suffer symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, impaired vision, and exhaustion; however, these symptoms are normal throughout pregnancy and may not be indicative of gestational diabetes.