Climate Change

Climate change is the statistical distribution of climate change over periods of decades to millions of years. It can be a change in the average seasons or a change in the distribution of events around an average season. Climate change may be localized to a particular region or to the entire earth. This may be a recurring, often cyclical, southern oscillation-like climatic pattern; Or as single events that can be referred to as a dust storm.

In recent usage, especially in terms of environmental protection policy, climate change usually refers to changes in the current climate. It can be referred to as climate change due to human activities; more generally, it is called global warming or "Global Warming Caused by Human Activities".

Reasons

Climatic factors are the factors that create climate. These include the following activities and variations: solar radiation reaching the Earth, changes in the Earth's orbit, changes in the Earth's crustal structure, volcanic eruptions, and changes in the density of the greenhouse gas. Many human activities are responsible for this climate change. Human activities also contribute to climate change. Climate change has various effects on Earth. These can increase or decrease the initial stress many times over.

Some parts of the climatic system, such as the oceans and glaciers, delay their response to atmospheric pressure due to their large size. Therefore, it can take centuries or more for the climate system to adapt to new and emerging pressures.

Geo textiles

For millions of years, Geo textiles have been redefining the Earth's waters and land-forms by their motion to create a new geography. These affect both regional and global climate and atmospheric-ocean currents.

The geometry of the oceans is determined by the position of the continents; Therefore, it also seems to dominate ocean currents. The areas where the oceans are located are very important in transmitting heat and moisture around the world; Therefore, it is also an important factor in determining the global climate. The Panama Canal is a recent example of how seabed plates control ocean currents. Founded about 5 million years ago, it forbade direct mixing of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This greatly affected the maritime dynamics of the area now known as the Gulf Stream; In addition, it may have caused the Northern Hemisphere ice sheet. During earlier coal formations, Geo textiles may have contributed to the storage of large amounts of carbon dioxide and the accumulation of glaciers.

Geological evidence indicates that there were "Greatest Seasonal" orbits during the time of the largest continent, Bangia, which covered more than one continent. In addition, samples of climatic conditions have been shown to be predictive of seasonal winds.

In terms of area, the topography may dominate the climate. The presence of mountains (caused by mountain formations caused by geological plates) can cause the mountains to overflow with moist air, creating a process known as arographic precipitation, which cools and quickly cools. In general, with increasing altitude, humidity decreases and a day's temperature usually fluctuates. Average temperature and length of seasonal growth also increase with height and decrease with negative correlation. The resulting snowfall in the mountains, combined with the existence of low-altitude alpine glaciers and the biological composition of the mountains, is a major factor in the formation of flora and fauna at various altitudes.

The size of the continents is also very important. Because the ocean has a stabilizing effect, the annual average temperature of the coastal areas is generally lower than that of the interior of the country. Thus, a large continent will have more land area with seasonal climates than smaller continents and / or island arches.

Expression of Solar Energy

The sun is the primary source of energy for the earth. Changes in the intensity of solar energy, both long-term and short-term, are known to affect global climate.

Early Earth's history states that only about 70 percent of the sun's current energy was released earlier. If today's atmospheric formation had existed before, water would not have formed on Earth. However, there is little evidence of water on Earth during the early Hadean and Achaean periods. This is indicative of a weak young solar eclipse. Solutions to this paradox are offered on a conceptual scale. It is said that the greenhouse gas density was much higher than it is now, and in the approximately 4 billion years that followed, solar emission increased and atmospheric formation varied, resulting in a more significant change in atmospheric bio-gas. The luminosity of the sun, which follows the general sequence, continues to increase. These changes in the sun's luminosity can cause the sun to become a red monster and then a white dwarf, eventually dying, with great effect on the weather; When the sun reaches the stage of the red demon, the creature on earth may become extinct.

The exposure to solar energy varies over short periods of time; These include an 11-year solar cycle and long-term vibrational changes. The 11 year solar eclipse results in a statistically significant 1.5 C range in the galaxy, with heat at low latitudes and cooling at high latitudes, although the variability associated with the 11 year solar cycle significantly dominates the galaxy's temperature. There is no consensus yet on the exact size and location of the structure. As a result of the 11-year solar cycle, the proximity of the Earth's crust to a very small extent (about one-tenth of a degree, and only statistically significant below the peak of the atmospheric wind force) is subject to changes in the temperature of the solar system. The solar energy exposure in the cyclical system is still not fully understood; It differs from the Sun in that it changes very slowly as it ages and evolves. Some studies have suggested that the rotation of sunspots increases solar eclipse and causes global warming.

Changes in the Orbit of the Planet

Minor variations in the Earth's orbit result in changes in the way sunlight reaches the Earth's surface as a result of seasonal distribution and how it is distributed across many parts of the Earth. However, changes in geological and seasonal distributions are likely to be severe. Earth's orbit changes are of three types: the Earth's centrifugal force, changes in the Earth's rotational axis tilt angle, and the Earth's trajectory. Together, they form the Milangovich Cycles. It is highly susceptible to climatic conditions; It is also known to be significantly associated with glaciation and the Glacier Medieval, as well as the origin of the Sahara and its regression and regression according to the topographic record.

Volcanism

An activity that transports matter from the earth's crust and crust to its surface is called volcanism. Volcanic eruptions, hot springs and boiling water springs are examples of volcanic eruptions. These release gases and solids into the atmosphere.

Volcanic eruptions, which affect climate, are very large, occurring several times a century on average. They also produce cold for a few years (due to the fact that the sun's radiation partially prevents it from reaching the earth). The second eruption of the 20th century, the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic eruption, severely affected the climate. Global temperatures dropped to about 0.5 "C (0.9" F). The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 resulted in the formation of a year without summer. The largest volcanic eruptions, commonly known as major eruptions, occur only a few times every hundred million years; However, these can lead to global warming and total genocide.

Volcanoes are also parts of extended carbon dioxide cycles. During the longest (geological) periods, they emit carbon dioxide from the earth's upper and lower layers. Thus, they interact with sedimentary mountains and other geological carbon dioxide. However, the U.S. Geological Survey predicts that human activity will emit 130 times more carbon dioxide than volcanoes.

The Variability of the Ocean

The ocean is a fundamental part of the climate system. Short-term fluctuations (for the first few decades of the year) such as the E1 nino-southern oscillation, the Pacific decade oscillation, the North Atlantic oscillation, and the Arctic oscillation indicate that climate change is more than just climate change. In the long run, ocean-based activities, such as thermal currents, play a major role in heat redistribution and long-term heat redistribution in the world's oceans as water oscillates at a much slower and more intense depth.

Human Domination

Anthropogenic factors are human activities that cause changes in the environment. In some cases, the fact that the climate is most vulnerable to human domination is straightforward, and the confusion is clear today (e.g. the impact of irrigation on regional humidity); Sometimes, this is not so obvious. Concepts about climate change triggered by human activities have been debated for years. Currently, there is a scientific consensus on climate change that the majority of human activity may be responsible for the rapid, rapid increase in global average temperatures over the past several years. Consequently, the debate has shifted to ways to minimize further damage from human domination and to adapt accordingly to the damage that has already occurred. See for example: Pollution Exposure Trade, Maximum Stock, Individual Carbon Trade and UNFCCC.

Climate change as a result of human activity is of great concern, as are fossil fuel emissions, and the subsequent levels of carbon dioxide caused by dust (atmospheric matter) and sludge production. Other factors, such as land use, atmospheric depletion, animal husbandry and deforestation - both individually and in combination with other factors - may also contribute to climate change, as well as concerns about the impact of micro-climate and climate variability. Causes.

Physical Evidence for Climate Change

Evidence for climate change has been gathered from a number of sources and used to recreate climate change in the past. To some extent, global records of the Earth's surface temperature have been available since the mid - 1800s. Evidence for earlier periods is largely derived from indications that reflect climatic conditions, such as vegetation, the cause of centuries of glaciation, the study of climate change, ocean variation, and glacial geology.

Historical and Archaeological Evidence

Recent changes in climate can be traced back to adaptation to migration and agriculture. Archaeological sources, oral history, and historical documents may shed light on past changes in climate. The effects of climate change are associated with the extinction of many civilizations.

Plant

Climate change also causes variations in the types of plants, their distribution, and the places where they can grow; This is very obvious. In any given climate, even the slightest change in climate can result in increased vegetative yields, followed by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide capture due to increased rainfall and warming caused by sudden frosts. Larger, more rapid, and fundamental changes can result in vegetative stress, rapid plant loss, and, in some cases, drought.

Icebergs

Analysis of ice excavated from glaciers, such as the Antarctic Glacier, can be used to show a correlation between temperature and global sea level variations. Air trapped in ice bubbles can reveal variations in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere long before modern-day environmental dominance develops.

Such studies of ice are the most important indicators of carbon dioxide for millions of years; Furthermore, they continue to provide valuable information about the differences between ancient and modern atmospheric conditions.

Change in Sea Level

Global sea level variations, which have occurred for most of the last century, are generally predicted over long periods of time using wave microscopy; thus a long-term average is obtained. More recently, altimeter measurements with precision satellite orbits have provided improved measurements of global ocean volume change.