A new discovery in physics: the universe was born from "nothing", generated by "phase change

When you develop a growing interest in science, it is not because you understand scientific principles, but because you are likely to discover scientific truths. A person who likes to explore can be interested in everything; a person who seeks scientific truth will find a world full of exciting surprises all the time.

How big the world you see depends on how far you can see, and how far you can see depends on the number of dimensions your thinking consciousness can unfold. The development and progress of science are like the alternation of dynasties, old theories are constantly eliminated, and new theories are constantly shining on the scene. The latter is always broader than the former.

I have to say, "the truth" is very good at hiding their own master, they always like to hide behind the regular things, if you are not a good exploration of the search enthusiasts, you can hardly find their hiding place.

For example, regarding the theory of the origin of the universe, do you believe that the universe was born in a singularity, or do you believe that the universe has another origin? How would you react to the idea that everything in the universe was born from "nothing", no time, no space, no energy? What would be your reaction if you said that the universe was born by accident? Don't say "nonsense" rashly, and don't leave without thinking, or you will be forever confined by your conventional thinking to wander in place, and never be able to see the beautiful "scenery" in the distance. Expand our conventional linear thinking, stretch to as many dimensions as possible, the journey of exploration is waiting to set sail, are you ready? Explore science, explore the universe, Mizuki Longlong and you continue our journey of discovery.

At one time, artists, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, etc., all almost coincidentally believed that everything in the universe follows the perfect law of symmetry and conservation, whether in mathematical equations (e.g., Newton's, Maxwell's, Einstein's, or Schrödinger's equations were reversed, they would remain in the same form), in spatial shapes, or even in time or energy. What is even more incredible is that this uncanny conviction has even contributed to the discovery of antimatter by mankind (is this the powerful force of collective consciousness revealed by the theory of quantum mechanics?).

One of the founders of quantum mechanics, Paul Dirac, who had been puzzled as to why Schrödinger's equation was non-relativistic when he used it to solve for the quantum eigenvalue, inadvertently discovered that Einstein's mass-energy equation was not complete and that the correct equation should be: E=±mc^2, i.e., with a negative sign missing. This surprised Dirac - how could Einstein, who was rigorous in science all his life, make an oversight in such an important equation? Was it that the negative sign was not important? Or did Einstein remove it on purpose?

If the missing negative sign of Einstein's mass-energy equation was filled in, then a new interpretation of the mass-energy equation would emerge - everything in the universe has its corresponding antimatter, negative energy. Dirac predicted that antimatter is similar to the matter we normally see, but carries the opposite charge and magnetism. For example, in our material world, an atom consists mainly of a nucleus composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons with negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus. In the case of antimatter, an antiatom is most likely composed of a nucleus made of negatively charged protons (antiprotons) and antineutrons (opposite magnetic properties) with positively charged electrons outside the nucleus (positrons). The combination of anti-atoms or anti-particles can form anti-molecules and even anti-everything in the universe - i.e. antimatter.

Dirac's prediction was later tested to be correct. Carl Anderson, while analyzing cosmic ray trajectories, found an electron that seemed to go in the wrong direction in a magnetic field, and the electron's anti-electron has since been discovered. After that, scientists discovered the antiparticles of numerous particles. Dirac was thus awarded the Nobel Prize as well as the Lucasian Professorship at Cambridge.

The matter has its antimatter, energy has its negative energy, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle makes space have symmetry, and Einstein's relativity theory makes time complementary. So researchers and everyone in different fields became more convinced of the perfect symmetry conservation law of the universe. This belief has even given wings to countless dreamers, who even think that they are the king in this universe, but maybe they are the king in their symmetrical universe. What's more, the guardians of perfect symmetry even believe that - the existence of complementary symmetry in time allows them to do time travel and go back in time to repair the defects they once left; complementary symmetry in space allows them to travel through parallel universes to meet their powerful and perfect selves.

Just when the perfectionists were indulging in their dreams, physicist George Gamow threw cold water on their dreams by proposing reasoning based on their firm belief in the law of conservation of perfect symmetry. The reasoning proposed by Gamov was that if everything in the universe follows the law of perfect symmetry conservation, then the total energy of the complete universe (including the anti-universe) should be equal to zero. If the total energy of the universe is zero, then the universe was born not from a singularity of infinite energy, but from "nothing" - truly no space, no time, no matter, no energy. If the universe was born from "nothing", it means that the universe never really existed, and everything generated in the universe is just illusory, just like the "virtual particle pairs" generated in the quantum vacuum rise and fall, instantly generated, and then instantly annihilated before they can exist. The reason why we feel that the universe has evolved for so long - 13.8 billion years - is the blindfold of the relativity effect.

Just when perfectionists were frustrated and upset by Gamov's reasoning, Yang and Li's (Chen Ning Yang and Zheng Dao Li) discovery of cosmic non-conservation rekindled hope for perfectionists, although this hope is no longer perfect, they believe that "symmetry breaking" is the law of evolution of the universe, absolute symmetry conservation is like Water needs to flow to run far away, and the universe needs to evolve all things. To keep their faith from breaking down, they even believed that the symmetry breakage was not breakage, but just a temporary loss of balance of the "parity conservation", and that the symmetry conservation could be restored by rotating the equations. Unfortunately, their prediction failed, and the experiment of rotating the equations proved that the equations of the universe also change when they are rotated, which is the proof of the "CP violation" (C for "charge conjugation" and P for "parity (C for "charge conjugation" and P for "parity reversal").

The discovery of cosmic non-conservation also proved the asymmetric non-conservation of matter and antimatter in the universe. Scientists have deduced that at the beginning of the universe, matter and antimatter were not equal, but there was slightly more matter than antimatter, about one billionth more than antimatter, and the rest of matter and antimatter eventually annihilated because they met and collided with each other. It is this extra one billionth of matter that makes up the universe we can see now.

However, when researchers calculate the total energy of the universe but again found that the total energy of the universe is almost zero. This brings us back to Gamov's reasoning - did everything in the universe come from "nothing"? If so, how did it come out of "nothing"? This seems to be different from the "quantum vacuum rise and fall". The quantum vacuum is not empty, but there is a huge amount of energy, which is why quantum ups and downs occur, generating "virtual particle pairs" from time to time, and then instantly annihilating and returning the vacuum energy. If the universe was born from "nothing" without time, space, matter, and energy, how could it generate everything in the universe? Even a "virtual particle pair universe" needs the energy to be able to do so, right?

"Nothing, the name of the beginning of heaven and earth; something, the name of the mother of all things", Laozi seems to have foresight, isn't it?

Nothing can be created from nothing. How is that possible? Don't forget, quantum mechanics tells us that "everything is possible", impossible because it is not understood, beyond the scope of understanding is often nailed with the label "impossible". Researchers have explained why the total energy of the universe is almost zero.

The universe was not born in a singularity of infinite energy, but a "phase transition". Phase transitions are caused by small fluctuations, which can lead to a chain reaction of butterfly effects that can turn the "calm lake" into a huge wave. This is the reason for the existence of matter and antimatter, and the reason for Dirac's discovery that Einstein's mass-energy equation lacks a negative sign.

If this is not easy to understand, let's take an example. In a flat piece of land, you dig a pit with a shovel, and the excavated soil pile up next to the pit. If you take the ground as the horizontal coordinate, the horizontal coordinate is 0, the coordinate value above the ground is positive, and the coordinate value below the ground is negative. The pile of the earth is equivalent to positive matter, the dug pit is equivalent to antimatter, and positive matter plus antimatter, s exactly equal to 0. And the universe is generated by the same principle, of course, the universe is not "dug" out.

So, how is the universe created?

The universe was created by a "phase change". Just like the flat earth changed its own "phase", creating mountains and hollows, growing trees and flowers, nurturing beings, and carrying all things. At the beginning of the universe, everything was zero, like a pool of calm water, without any fluctuation, as if nothing existed. Then a small stone was unintentionally thrown into the pool of water, creating ripples, and the water began to "move". According to string theory, the mode and frequency of vibration will generate different particles of matter, and although we cannot detect what kind of fundamental particles will be generated by the vibration of the pool of water, we cannot assert that they do not exist just because we cannot detect them.

By the same token, the universe was born from "nothing", like a calm pool of water without any fluctuations (but not a pool of water, but "nothing", a starting point for everything to be zero), and then a small external force flicked it to break the zero balance, and the phase transition began --Then a small external bounce breaks the zero equilibrium, and the phase transition begins - the vibrational wave swings forward, and everywhere it passes, there is no more zero equilibrium. Sometimes the standing waves in the middle cause the vibration wave can not move forward smoothly, the wave crests are superimposed, the wave troughs are superimposed, generating a larger phase change, or the wave crests and troughs meet, and then return to zero equilibrium. Isn't it very much like the phenomenon of quantum vacuum rise and fall? Maybe the reason quantum vacuum rise and fall are because the zero equilibrium is broken.

This is why the total energy of the universe is close to zero, but not equal to zero. The small energy that is not equal to zero is the energy transmitted by the small "stone", that is, the impetus of external energy. Perhaps the universe was born by an accident, an unintentional phase transition that broke the zero balance.

If the universe is created by phase transition, then everything in the universe can be transformed into each other by phase transition. As Nikola Tesla discovered - time phase change can generate energy, space phase change can also generate energy, and energy phase change can generate space and time, so space and time can be transformed into each other through "phase change".

Einstein discovered the phase transition between "mass-energy", and Nikola Tesla discovered the phase transition between "time-space", what phase transition have you discovered? What phase transition have you found? Tell us your opinion.