Lower blood pressure, lose weight and lower fat! The Lancet releases global report on women's cardiovascular disease

On May 16, the "Lancet" magazine published an article titled "The Lancet Women and Cardiovascular Disease Major Report: Reducing the Global Burden by 2030", aiming to help alleviate heart disease and stroke by 2030. The global burden of vascular disease. [Original link]

Cardiovascular disease prevalence

In 2019, there were approximately 275 million women suffering from cardiovascular disease in the world, that is, 6402 out of every 100,000 women suffering from cardiovascular disease.

High-income women in North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and North America have the highest age-standardized cardiovascular disease prevalence among women in high-income regions, and the lowest age-standardized cardiovascular disease prevalence among women in Latin America, Western Europe, and Australasia.

The global prevalence of cardiovascular disease among women has been declining, with an overall decrease of 4.3% since 1990.

Among women in high-income regions in Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, and North America, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease decreased most significantly, with a decrease of 19.2%, 18.2%, and 14.6%, respectively. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among women in East Asia, West Sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania increased by 7.2%, 4.5%, and 3.6%, respectively.

In some countries with large populations, such as China, Indonesia, and India, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among women has increased significantly, increasing by 7.5%, 4.8%, and 2.4% respectively.

It should be noted that from 2019 to 2010, the prevalence of age-standardized cardiovascular disease among global women decreased by 5.8%, but after 2010, it has increased by 1.0%.

Cardiovascular death

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of female deaths. 35% of global female deaths are attributed to cardiovascular disease each year. Among them, ischemic heart disease accounts for 47%, stroke accounts for 36%, and the death rate of cardiovascular diseases among young women is increasing.

In 1990, approximately 6.1 million women died of cardiovascular disease worldwide, which increased to 8.94 million in 2019.

In 2019, 204 out of every 100,000 women died of cardiovascular disease, and the age-standardized death rate from cardiovascular disease was 35.1% lower than in 1990.

Since 1990, the age-standardized cardiovascular mortality among women in most regions of the world has declined, but sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania have not changed, and Central Asia has increased by 9.1%.

According to the country, the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease among women in North Korea, Singapore, and Israel has the most significant decrease, with a decrease of 76.1%, 68.1% and 66.1% respectively.

Compared with 1990-2010, in the past 10 years, the rate of decline in the death rate of cardiovascular diseases among global women has decreased by 23.7% and 11.2%, respectively.

Among various metabolic factors, hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular death in women, followed by overweight or obesity, and high bad cholesterol.

Studies have shown that for women, the prevention and control of hypertension is the best for preventing cardiovascular disease, followed by obesity. In the high-income regions of Asia-Pacific and Western Europe, smoking cessation can prevent premature cardiovascular death.

The report pointed out that in addition to recognized risk factors such as high blood pressure, abnormal blood lipid metabolism, diabetes, obesity, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, etc., factors that have not been fully understood such as mental, social, economic, and cultural factors may also cause women to develop heart attacks. Vascular disease.

Compared with men, depression, domestic violence, socio-economic status, and socio-cultural effects have a greater impact on women's cardiovascular disease.

In addition, the history of obstetrics and gynecology, including gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, morning, early menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome and other women-specific conditions, can also lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

The report pointed out that through intervention, many risk factors in women can be changed or even eliminated.

Cardiovascular risk assessment

Among women, cardiovascular risk assessment still has challenges, especially young women. Although at the population level, young women have a lower cardiovascular risk, some women may be at higher risk.

Therefore, adopting gender and age-specific cardiovascular risk thresholds and introducing new subclinical disease indicators (such as coronary calcification scores) into risk assessment models may better guide prevention.

The report puts forward 10 recommendations to address gender inequality in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in women.